This chapter explains different ways of studying social networks in Ottoman history. The first vein of research mainly maps social networks in different areas of the Ottoman state and society such as transportation and communication, migration, credit and finance. In the second vein of research, the emphasis is on developing a network approach and methodology based on a relational approach. The chapter provides examples of literature in both types of research in Ottoman history. It introduces some social network concepts such as structural holes, bridge, and brokerage. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative network analysis in historical research.