Extractive activities in central Russian peatlands gradually declined in the late Soviet period, a change which reflected the reorientation of the country’s energy system toward Siberian fossil fuels as well as a shift in the cultural perceptions of peatlands, as scientists began to recognize the value of intact wetlands and a wider public expressed concerns about their loss. The Soviet collapse and subsequent economic crisis made the end of extraction an unsettling experience. Many regions were gradually cut off from the resources and services that had sustained them for several decades. Communities experienced high outmigration and social marginalization, while abandoned peat extraction sites became serious fire hazards. Tracing the decline of extraction and its legacies, this chapter demonstrates that, instead of recovery, the end of extraction brought new forms of social and environmental precarity. While peat’s role as a fuel has shrunk dramatically in the past decades, the legacies of its extraction and use are bound to remain.