What Is a Biological ‘Trait’?

doi:10.1017/9781316388907.002

1 - What Is a Biological ‘Trait’?

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2017

Kenneth Weiss

Edited by

Christopher J. Percival and

Joan T. Richtsmeier

Show author details

Christopher J. Percival: Affiliation:
University of Calgary
Joan T. Richtsmeier: Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University

Book contents

Get access

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Building Bones: Bone Formation and Development in Anthropology , pp. 13 - 25

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316388907.002 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Bateson, W. (1894). Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated with Special Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Buchanan, A. V., Sholtis, S., Richtsmeier, J. and Weiss, K. M. (2009). What are genes “for” or where are traits “from”? What is the question? BioEssays, 31, 198–208.10.1002/bies.200800133CrossRef Google Scholar

Burke, A. C., Nelson, C. E., Morgan, B. A. and Tabin, C. (1995). Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology. Development, 121, 333–346.10.1242/dev.121.2.333CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chan, Y., Salem, R. M., Hsu, Y. H., et al. (2015). Genome-wide analysis of body proportion classifies height-associated variants by mechanism of action and implicates genes important for skeletal development. American Journal of Human Genetics, 96, 695–708.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Jiang, T. X., et al. (2000). Conservation of early odontogenic signaling pathways in Aves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 97, 10044–10049.10.1073/pnas.160245097CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cheverud, J. (1982). Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental morphological integration in the cranium. Evolution, 36, 1737–1747.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cheverud, J. (1996). Developmental integration and the evolution of pleiotropy. American Zoologist, 36, 44–50.10.1093/icb/36.1.44CrossRef Google Scholar

Cheverud, J. (2004). Modular pleiotropic effects of quantitative trait loci on morphological traits. In: Schlosser, G. & Wagner, G. (eds.) Modularity in Development and Evolution. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Cheverud, J. M., Hartman, S. E., Richtsmeier, J. T. and Atchley, W. R. (1991). A quantitative genetic analysis of localized morphology in mandibles of inbred mice using finite element scaling analysis. Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology, 11, 122–137.Google Scholar PubMed

Huang, S. (2012). The molecular and mathematical basis of Waddington’s epigenetic landscape: a framework for post-Darwinian biology? Bioessays, 34, 149–157.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Jernvall, J. and Jung, H. S. (2000). Genotype, phenotype, and developmental biology of molar tooth characters. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Suppl 31, 171–190.10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<171::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-33.0.CO;2-3>CrossRef Google Scholar

Jernvall, J. and Thesleff, I. (2000). Reiterative signaling and patterning during mammalian tooth morphogenesis. Mechanisms of Development, 92, 19–29.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kawasaki, K., Suzuki, T. and Weiss, K. M. (2005). Phenogenetic drift in evolution: the changing genetic basis of vertebrate teeth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102, 18063–18068.10.1073/pnas.0509263102CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kawasaki, K., Buchanan, A. V. and Weiss, K. M. (2009). Biomineralization in humans: making the hard choices in life. Annual Review of Genetics, 43, 119–142.10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134242CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Klingenberg, C. P., Leamy, L. J. and Cheverud, J. (2004). Integration and modularity of quantitative trait locus effects on geometric shape in the mouse mandible. Genetics, 166, 1909–1921.10.1093/genetics/166.4.1909CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kondo, S. and Asai, R. (1995). A reaction-diffusion wave on the skin of the marine angelfish Pomacanthus. Nature, 376, 765–768.10.1038/376765a0CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kondo, S. and Miura, T. (2010). Reaction-diffusion model as a framework for understanding biological pattern formation. Science, 329, 1616–1620.10.1126/science.1179047CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lango Allen, H., Estrada, K., Lettre, G., et al. (2010). Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height. Nature, 467, 832–838.10.1038/nature09410CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Maini, P. K., Baker, R. E. and Chuong, C. M. (2006). Developmental biology. The Turing model comes of molecular age. Science, 314, 1397–1398.10.1126/science.1136396CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Mezey, J. G., Cheverud, J. M. and Wagner, G. P. (2000). Is the genotype–phenotype map modular? A statistical approach using mouse quantitative trait loci data. Genetics, 156, 305–311.10.1093/genetics/156.1.305CrossRef Google Scholar

Salazar-Ciudad, I. and Jernvall, J. (2002). A gene network model accounting for development and evolution of mammalian teeth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 99, 8116–8120.10.1073/pnas.132069499CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Salazar-Ciudad, I. and Jernvall, J. (2004). How different types of pattern formation mechanisms affect the evolution of form and development. Evolution and Development, 6, 6–16.10.1111/j.1525-142X.2004.04002.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Sheth, R., Marcon, L., Bastida, M. F., et al. (2012). Hox genes regulate digit patterning by controlling the wavelength of a Turing-type mechanism. Science, 338, 1476–1480.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tabin, C. (1992). Why we have (only) five fingers per hand: Hox genes and the evolution of paired limbs. Development, 116, 289–296.10.1242/dev.116.2.289CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tucker, A., Matthews, K. and Sharpe, P. (1998). Transformation of tooth type induced by inhibition of BMP signaling. Science, 282, 1136–1138.10.1126/science.282.5391.1136CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Turing, A. (1952). The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 237, 37–72.Google Scholar

Waddington, C. H. (1942). Canalization of development and genetic assimilation of acquired characters. Nature, 183, 1654–1655.CrossRef Google Scholar

Waddington, C. H. (1957). The Strategy of the Genes: A Discussion of Some Aspects of Theoretical Biology. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar

Watanabe, M. and Kondo, S. (2015). Is pigment patterning in fish skin determined by the Turing mechanism? Trends in Genetics, 31, 88–96.10.1016/j.tig.2014.11.005CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Weiss, K., Buchanan, A. and Richtsmeier, J. (2015). How are we made? Even well-controlled experiments show the complexity of our traits. Evolutionary Anthropology, 24, 130–136.10.1002/evan.21454CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Weiss, K. M. and Buchanan, A. V. (2004). Genetics and the Logic of Evolution. New York, NY: Wiley-Liss.CrossRef Google Scholar

Weiss, K. M. and Buchanan, A. V. (2008). The cooperative genome: organisms as social contracts. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 53, 753–763.10.1387/ijdb.072497kwCrossRef Google Scholar

Weiss, K. M. and Buchanan, A. V. (2009). The Mermaid’s Tale: Four Billion Years of Cooperation in the Making of Living Things. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.10.2307/j.ctv1rr6d11CrossRef Google Scholar

Weiss, K. M. and Fullerton, S. M. (2000). Phenogenetic drift and the evolution of genotype–phenotype relationships. Theoretical Population Biology, 57, 187–195.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Wood, A. R., Esco, T., Yang, J., et al. (2014). Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height. Nature Genetics, 46, 1173–1186.10.1038/ng.3097CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.