This book has so far shown that the borders within are generated through differences in how places are judged. On the one hand, the most privileged groups in society think in very instrumentalised ways and judge places positionally (as detailed in the ). This establishes and maintains a hierarchy of places, with superficial identifications with place. While on the other hand, the least privileged in society tend to have a visceral connectedness that produces judgements on place that are person-centred. These person-centred judgements are non- hierarchical and founded upon previous chapterpersonal relatedness or ‘fit’ with place in a deeper sense.

It is worth for a moment going back to what lies beneath the two distinct judgements that people make on place – that is, the kind of connectedness people experience in everyday life. On the one hand, positional judgements on place stem from an instrumental connectedness (more often than not held by the most privileged groups in society), characterised by judgements on the hierarchical status of people and place. It is about seeing place only in terms of what they symbolise in status terms – and the value that can be accrued from them. This value might be in relation to advancement economically or might be about aligning oneself to an image or identity that holds status. Whereas those who make person-centred judgements on place tend to experience the world in a viscerally connected way (largely the least privileged in society); drawing comfort from holding an almost intuitive level of knowledge about where they live, and the people they know