This chapter examines how people from the margins of Indian society and territory, the so-called backward tribes (Adibasi), wrote themselves as constitutional actors, engaging with the constitution in the making with even more force than publics across the rest of India. The intensity of tribal expectations, and the failure of the constitution to meet them, led to a range of violent and nonviolent conflicts that have turned the constitution into an open site of struggle, and even transformed the text through constitutional amendments and scheduling, creating, for example, tribal majority states, tribal autonomous governing bodies, recognising groups as tribes, entitling them to affirmative action, and granting recognition to tribal languages. These changes were never benevolent gifts of the state. The alternative tribal visions of the constitution remained resilient as a competing framework that offered resources to reshape the lives of millions of Indian’s tribal people. The chapter examines constitutional debates within tribal groups, between tribal groups and the Constituent Assembly, and the creation of competing constitutional systems, such as in the Khasi States.