The final chapter looks at the experience of family members, mainly women, who depended on a survivor’s pension after the death of the main breadwinner. It is divided into two sections, the first presents the history of the montepio, its origins in Spain and its importance in the colonial period, as well as its transformation after independence. It charts the requirements to acquire a pension and how these were adapted from those in colonial times, while maintaining much of its original integrity as a ‘paternal’ obligation to look after women and children. The second part of the chapter analyses a series of cases to look at how Juntas tended to follow regulation but had scope to make exceptions. It also shows how with time the system became stricter and Juntas spent more time ensuring the merits of the petitions and policing whether the recipients continued to be entitled to payment. It finishes by returning to Francisca Caballero and how she was stripped of her pension because of the process that sought to reduce payments.