Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 March 2021
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and disabling neurological disorder. The incidence of PD increases with age, and therefore the disease is predominantly observed in later life. The prevalence of PD is estimated at 1% in individuals aged 60 years and over, 2–3% in those aged 65 years and over, and 10% in those aged 80 years and over (de Rijk et al., 1997). In clinical practice, PD is classified as a movement disorder and is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait dysfunction. However, there are a large number of non-motor symptoms observed in PD, including neuropsychiatric complications, sleep disorders, fatigue, sensory symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, and gastrointestinal symptoms (Chaudhuri et al., 2011).
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