In European voyage narratives, the islands of Polynesia are frequently imagined in Edenic terms as bountiful green landscapes ripe with fecund soils, fruit-bearing trees, and available women, articulating colonial fantasies of resource abundance and fertility. This chapter examines three texts written at different moments in the long twentieth century as they disrupt Pacific fertility myths from settings scarred by fertilizer mining. Focusing on imaginaries of guano and phosphate in three regions of the Pacific basin—Walpole Island (near New Caledonia) as it appears in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim (1900); the Chincha Islands reconstructed in Ruthanne Lum McCunn’s God of Luck (2007); and Banaba as imagined by the Capitalize-Kiribati writer Teresia Teaiwa (1998)—this chapter shows how writers have undermined the fictions of fertile islands through their attention to fertilizer extractivism and its anti-reproductive effects. Equally, it shows how they reimagine fertility as a relation rather than a resource, centring the shared reproductive work of an assemblage of birds, people, nutrients, islands, and ancestors.