Reza Shah, Atatürk, and Comparison as Personification
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 September 2025
This chapter examines the historiography of the comparisons made between Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944) of Iran and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) of Türkiye in scholarship published in the three main languages connected to the United States (English), Türkiye (Turkish), and Iran (Persian). I focus on two events that Anglophone history has identified as sites of salient difference. First is the fact that Atatürk instituted a republic in Türkiye (1923), whereas Reza Shah continued monarchical rule in Iran under a new dynasty (1925). Second is the contrast between a harshly enforced nationwide ban on women’s veiling in Iran under Reza Shah and the absence of such a law in early republican Türkiye.
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