The increasing frequency and severity of unexpected events in recent years underscore the need for more effective disaster management strategies. This study aimed to identify obstacles and solutions for serving affected groups, providing practical strategies for improved disaster response.

This qualitative content analysis study of the conventional type, conducted in 2024, involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews and a focused group discussion with 17 participants, including university experts, executive bodies, and affected individuals. The method of “Granheim and Lundman” was used to analyze the data, and “Lincoln and Guba’s” four criteria were used to establish the reliability of the data.

A total of 348 themes were identified, ultimately refined to 245 themes after repetition analysis. These themes were categorized into eight main categories: “Management, Financial and Non-Financial Resources, Programs, Educational Affairs, Organizational Matters, Community Affairs, Participation, and Spiritual Affairs.” Additionally, 29 subcategories were extracted.

This study reveals key obstacles in disaster service delivery, including inadequate management, resources, and coordination. Solutions such as enhancing communication, clarifying roles, and promoting community participation can address these challenges. Strengthening public education, updating regulations, and integrating local cultural and spiritual support systems are essential for improving crisis response.