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This book offers a thorough, up-to-date review of the literature on school adjustment, covering key processes involved in major educational transitions-from elementary (1st grade) to secondary (junior high) and high school. Adopting a preventive approach, it provides real-world examples of interventions aimed at promoting successful school adjustment, that would later lead to students' academic and personal flourishing. The book also discusses significant challenges that researchers, practitioners, and parents need to address. Readers will gain both a deeper theoretical understanding of the importance and process of school adjustment and practical guidance on how to foster it in diverse, real-life contexts. Perfect for educators, psychologists, and caregivers, this resource blends research with actionable insights to support student success.
The literature on school maladjustment is too much engaged with its explicit expressions (e.g., school dropout), while only partially discussing its more implicit expressions. It is arguable that school maladjustment can have many faces. A student’s selection of the way to express maladjustment is a derivation of the person’s characteristics, the environmental characteristics, and the broader context within which the person adjusts (e.g., wartime). Thus, the discussion has to address four general aspects of school maladjustment: (a) silent expressions of school maladjustment, the ones that are commonly addressed by researchers and especially by school teams and parents; (b) indicative expressions of school maladjustment, which are the buds of maladjustment and of major importance in the context of students’ educational flourishing; (c) how both the indicative and the silent expressions can be integrated into a flowchart that summarizes the process of sinking into school maladjustment; and (d) vulnerability to school maladjustment as an additional aspect that deserves a different type of preventive intervention: that is, an intervention that addresses the students’ future adjustment to transitions (e.g., from elementary school to middle school)
Maladjustments and failures of programmable ventriculo-peritoneal shunts have been reported in patients encountering powerful electromagnetic fields, e. g. MRI.
We describe the case of a 53-year old man treated for hydrocephalus with a programmable Codman-Hakim shunt valve. During his hospitalization in Forensic Psychiatry, the patient’s valve pressure setting changed randomly despite frequent reprogramming and surveillance.
Objectives
Maladjustments and failures of programmable ventriculo-peritoneal shunts have been reported in cases in which patients have encountered powerful electromagnetic fields, e.g., MRI. Through a case, this study shows easy maladjustment of a Codman-Hakim programmable valve also by small magnetic fields from everyday life.
Methods
A 53-year old man presented with periventricular hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. The patient was treated with a left ventriculo-peritoneal Codman-Hakim programmable shunt valve. During his hospitalization in Forensic Psychiatry, the patient’s valve pressure setting changed randomly, presumably by walking through electromagnetically controlled doors of a hospital ward. With a test dummy, changes in pressure settings were tracked.
Results
Both - pressure settings of the patient’s Codman-Hakim programmable valve as well as pressure settings of a new valve - were unwantedly modified simply by walking through standard doors in a hospital ward.
Conclusions
Thus already weak magnetic fields (< 200 mT) might cause changes in the pressure settings of programmable shunt valves and therefore lead to maladjustment. Patients should be informed and pay attention to using everyday life’s devices, like rod magnets or mobile phones.
The epidemiology of HIV in Belarus, main trends in addiction treatment, attitude to rehabilitation of addicts with HIV are presented.
Results
The questions of social maladjustment of such patients are revealed as well as organization of medical and social rehabilitation and self-maladoption. The correlation between the amount and characteristics of rehabilitating services and the grade of maladjustment is stressed. The analysis of social functioning as well as quality of life of patients with dual pathology ((HIV and addiction) is presented.
Conclusions
The background for different approach towards research of HIV-positive and HIV-negative IV drug consumers is presented.
During the past 150 years, psychiatrists and psychologists have detected a wide array of mental and behavioural abnormalities in humans, ranging from hysteria, neurosis, and mental deficiency (“feeblemindedness”) to psychopathy, sexual perversions, alcoholism, and criminality. In particular, the differentiation between everyday neuroses and severe mental disorders or psychoses has played an all-important role since the late nineteenth century. In their milder forms, neuroses were deemed equivalent to the common cold, while psychoses were heavily stigmatising and incapacitating mental disturbances. What was common to both neuroses and psychoses was that they indicated an abnormal state of mind. This chapter examines the early phase of the modern history of abnormal psychology in the Western cultural sphere. First, it looks at the idea and term of abnormality and its conceptual relations with “deviance” and “maladjustment.” Then it outlines the early history of the psychopathological studies on abnormality, focusing on key figures such as Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud, and Carl Gustav Jung. From these pioneers the chapter moves on to examine experimental neuroses and psychopathy, perhaps the most widely known form of maladjustment and abnormality. In conclusion, the most recent trends in abnormal psychology are discussed.
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