This chapter explores the relationship between international organizations and the market. It starts by building a taxonomy of the types of relationships these organizations can establish with the market. The taxonomy distinguishes between two main types of relationships: the direct institutional relationship, where the market is part of the organizations’ institutional mission, and the indirect instrumental relationship, which arises as a consequence of the organizations’ instrumental activities, such as procurement. This distinction is based on indices that define the characteristics of each relationship, including function, market players and their roles, values and interests and economic impact. Building on this distinction, the analysis identifies the instruments – regulatory tools and practices – through which organizations impact the market and examines the issue of the organizations’ accountability within this relationship. It concludes that the current accountability tools are inadequate and create a temporal dissonance between international organizations and the changed ethos of public powers. The perpetuation of this dissonance is not only relevant to the legitimacy of organizations but also to their very existence. An awareness and understanding of the relationship between international organizations and the market is the first step in seeking an alignment of international organizations to the current public powers’ ethos.