This chapter focuses on the importance of circular business models and the synergies they create within circular economy liveable cities. Circular business models emphasise reducing waste, reusing resources, and recycling materials, promoting sustainable economic growth while addressing environmental challenges. By fostering innovation, resource efficiency, and collaboration across various sectors, these models help cities transition to a circular economy. The chapter highlights the role of leadership, imagination, and curiosity in driving this transformation. Leaders are key to setting ambitious goals and mobilising resources, while imaginative thinking and curiosity foster the development of innovative solutions to urban challenges. Examples from companies like Interface, Patagonia, and Philips Lighting demonstrate how visionary leadership and creative business models contribute to sustainability and circularity. The chapter explores the synergies between circular business models and urban systems, with case studies from cities like Amsterdam and Paris. These cities have adopted circular strategies that integrate sustainable waste management, renewable energy, and resource-efficient practices, showcasing the transformative potential of circular economies. Ultimately, the chapter argues that circular business models are essential for creating resilient, sustainable cities. By leveraging leadership, innovation, and cross-sector collaboration, cities can foster circular economies that promote environmental sustainability, economic growth, and improved quality of life.

This chapter delves into circular urban agriculture, examining strategies for sustainable food production in rapidly growing cities. As urbanisation accelerates, cities face the challenge of feeding an estimated nine billion people while minimising the environmental impact of agriculture. Traditional agricultural practices contribute to resource depletion and pollution, making a circular approach essential for sustainable urban development. Circular urban agriculture integrates resource efficiency by using waste streams, conserving water, and minimising inputs like soil and fertilisers. The chapter discusses various urban farming methods, including rooftop gardens, vertical farming, hydroponics, and community gardens. These practices can increase local food production while reducing the environmental footprint of cities. Water conservation and recycling are emphasised as critical components of circular urban agriculture. Strategies such as drip irrigation, greywater reuse, and rainwater harvesting help reduce reliance on municipal water supplies, lower operational costs, and promote sustainability. The chapter also highlights resource recovery, particularly through nutrient recycling and the use of biosolids, to enhance soil quality and increase agricultural productivity. By adopting circular practices, cities can support local food production, improve resource efficiency, and contribute to urban resilience, all while fostering community relationships and reducing the environmental impact of traditional agricultural systems.