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2 results

The Humanity of Christ as Instrument of Salvation
  • A Study in Thomistic Christology
  • J. David Moser
  • Published online:
    21 August 2025
    Print publication:
    04 September 2025
  • Scripture teaches that God saves humanity through God's own actions and sufferings in Christ, thereby raising a key theological question: How can God use his own human actions and sufferings to bring about those things that he causes through divine power? To answer that question, J. David Moser here explores St. Thomas Aquinas's teaching that Christ's humanity is an instrument of the divinity. Offering an informed account of how Christian salvation happens through the Incarnation of Christ, he also poses a new set of questions about the Incarnation that Aquinas himself did not consider. In response to these questions, and in conversation with a wide range of theologians, including John Duns Scotus and Matthias Joseph Scheeben, Moser argues that the instrument doctrine, an underexplored and underappreciated idea, deepens our understanding of salvation that comes through the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. He also defends the instrument doctrine as a dogmatic theological topic worthy of consideration today.

  • Chapter 1 - Understanding the Icon

  • Stephanie Rumpza, Sorbonne Université, Paris
  • Preface by Jean-Luc Marion
  • Book:
    Phenomenology of the Icon
    Published online:
    17 August 2023
    Print publication:
    31 August 2023, pp 10-55

  • Summary

    This chapter surveys art history, patristic theology, and modern Orthodox theology to identify a starting point that can address the mediating function of the icon. However, each of these approaches is also marked by limitations that ultimately leave them unable to sufficiently address two questions that are essential to this inquiry: (a) What is a painted image, and how does it mediate the truth of what it shows by its specific, finite capacities and aesthetic devices? (b) What would it mean for God to “show himself,” or what kind of “visibility” would God have? I make a case that phenomenology will be a powerful tool to address both questions.