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1 results

  • 10 - Freshwater Resources

  • Elli Louka, Law In Action
  • Book:
    International Environmental Law
    Published online:
    19 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025, pp 326-380

  • Summary

    Chapter 10 examines the protection and allocation of shared water resources. Freshwater resources are not global common resources. They are, instead, shared among states in a region. This chapter examines the UN Watercourses Convention and the UNECE Water Protection Convention and their influence on the regional instruments for the protection and allocation of water resources. Issues of equity in water allocation, efficiency, demand-led management, and water quality are examined as they have been elaborated in various regional fora, such as Europe, North America, sub-Saharan Africa, Central and West Africa, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East, ASEAN, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia. The chapter examines the role of international river basin organizations in facilitating integrated water resources management. We also analyze the international protection of aquifers and groundwater resources and the adoption of regional agreements that regulate their extraction and protection.