In her chapter, Heather Laird examines twenty-first century commemorations, such as the bicentennial of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and the centennial of the Easter Rising of 1916. From the time of the peak era of Revival to the present, a vision of Ireland has emerged that values tradition but that also reckons with the failures of tradition to govern modern lives. The statues and exhibitions that arose in preparation for these celebrations are the visible signs of the very future envisioned in 1798 and 1916. Laird’s examination of twenty-first century commemorations of the Dublin Lockout of 1913 and the commemoration of it in 2013 suggests that revivalism resists this idea of cultural salvage and actively serves a world to come. She discusses two 2013 commemoration projects, Living the Lockout and the 1913 Lockout Tapestry, latter-day manifestations of a persistent revivalist impulse to make the past productive of the future.

This chapter sets O’Casey’s political activism within its contemporary contexts. The chapter focuses on the years before the Easter Rising, which were formative for O’Casey’s political development, and shows how the would-be writer developed a political and cultural appreciation through membership of organisations such as the Gaelic League. Readers will discover how O’Casey’s activism in the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and in the Irish Citizen Army (ICA) shaped the perspective that informed his iconoclastic views on the revolutionary events of 1916-23.