Index

doi:10.1017/9781009626880.018

Index

A Common Faith (Dewey), 188–189

a priori doctrines, 122–123

Abrahamic monotheism, 174

academics, 248–249, 258

accountability, 268, 278–282

autonomy and, 283

free play of free intellects and, 267

unpredictability and, 282–283

acquired characteristics, 242

actants, 102

action, 153–154

desirabilities and, 97

noncognitivism and, 167–168

actionable findings, 274

activism, 1, 15

auxiliary motives and, 156

epistemic frailty and, 43–44

food security and, 229, 234

gap argument and, 154

noncognitivism and, 158

scientific humanism and, 151

scientific world-conception and, 149

standpoint theory and, 164–166

value freedom and, 170

Adam (biblical figure), 40

Addams, Jane, 127, 143–145

Adorno, Theodor, 25

aesthetics, 142, 146

objective thinking and, 61

religion and, 188–190

religious function of science and, 191

affirmative action, 215, 261

Africa, 228

Bt cotton and, 226

knowledge and, 221

agency, 92–93

desire and, 93–94, 96–98

ethical agency and, 144

perception and, 98–99, 101–102

practical agency and, 88–92

practical attitudes and, 167

practical form of, 84–85

self-assertion and, 41

theoretical agency and, 84–85 see also practical agency; theoretical agency.

agriculture, 224–225, 229–230

biodiversity and, 230–231

Bt cotton and, 225–226

development and, 233–236

GM crops and, 227–229

modernization and, 220

Shiva and, 222–223

sustainability and, 233

agronomy, 274

Agta women (Philippines), 250

AIDS research, 274

aims of science, 28–33, 182–184

research priorities and, 281–283

alienation, 57–58

All Quiet on the Western Front (Remarque), 114

allegory of the Cave (Plato), 115

alloparenting, 252

Althusser, Louis, 46

American Economic Association, 208

American Humanist Association, 15

Center for Education of, 17

“Humanist Manifesto,” 28

analytic philosophy, 65, 88, 107–108

history of, 107–108

logical empiricism and, 147

science and, 124

Andrews, Glenda, 248

Anglicanism, 87, 104

animals, 126, 128, 131, 133, 140, 247

domestication of, 260

anthropocentrism, 25

anthropology, 240, 261

antibiotics, 282

anti-humanism, 37

anti-science and, 114

Bacon and, 44

original sin and, 45

anti-intellectualism, 237

antiquity, 19–21, 117

Renaissance and, 38–40

antirealism, 31

anti-religionism, 172

anti-science, 114–115, 216, 218–219

epistemic corruption and, 237

GM crops and, 227

New Orthodoxy and, 222–223, 227, 237

apartheid, 222

Apostolou, Menelaos, 257

applied science, 30, 174

Arctic hunter-gatherers, 250

Aristotelianism, 42

Aristotle, 86, 100

Christianity and, 185

Feyerabend principle and, 192–193

“Aristotle’s Principle” (Feyerabend), 192

Arrogance of Humanism, The (Ehrenfeld), 37

Art as Experience (Dewey), 181, 188

Artificial Intelligence, 70

artists, insight of, 262

Ascent of Man, The (Bronowski), 112

Asia, 228

Association of Black Psychologists, 207

astrology, 39

atheism, 18

Atom and Cosmos (Reichenbach), 122

Aufbau (Der logische Aufbau der Welt) (Carnap), 150

authoritarianism, 220

authority, 22

denial of, 191

Latour on, 216–217

lovable science and, 237

New Orthodoxy and, 218–220, 222, 232, 237

autonomy, 283–285

subjectivity and, 50–52

auxiliary motives, 152–154, 156–157

Babbitt, Irving, 126, 128, 130

Bacillus thuringiensis, 225

Bacon, Francis, 21–22, 197–200

Baconian ideal and, 35

contemporary science and, 200–201

idola mente and, 44

science’s promise and, 211, 215

Baconians, 130

Barash, David, 249–250, 252

barbarism, 58

basic science, 30, 173, 175–177

co-created science and, 275

significance and, 180

Bateman, A. R., 254

Bayesian decision-theoretical frameworks, 168–169

Beast and Man (Midgley), 47

Beck, Ulrich, 270

behavioral sciences, 170

“Being Black Is Not a Risk Factor” (project), 208

being-in-the world, 57–59

existential humanism and, 55–57

belief, 94–96

James on, 183

objective aspect and, 79

perception and, 100–101

religionism and, 172

scientific inquiry and, 183

superempirical virtues and, 182

belonging, 191

Bennett, Jane, 102

Bernal, J. D., 283

Biddle, Justin, 276

biodiversity, 220, 225

conservation and, 230–231

biology, 46–48

sociobiology and, 240–241

biomedical research, 211

replication crisis in, 205

bio-power, 53

bipedalism, 243

Black Americans, 206–208, 211

deficiency, pathology, and inferiority of, 208–209

footrace metaphor and, 214

Black Lives Matter, 206

Blank Slate, The (Pinker), 239

Blondiaux, Loïc, 269–270

blue sky science, 275, 278

Blumenberg, Hans, 41

Bolsonaro, Jair, 219

Bonney, Rick, 271

bonobos, 255–256

Borlaug, Norman, 224, 227

Boyle, Robert, 102

brain size, 242–244

intelligence and, 244–247

Brazil, 228–229

British Humanist Association, 37

Bronowski, Jacob, 112–113

Brown, Matthew, 132, 137

Bt cotton, 225–226

Buen Vivir, 220

Burkina Faso, 226, 228

Bush, Vannevar, 34, 275

progress and, 263, 280

science’s promise and, 199–200

Bushmen hunter-gatherers, 251

Buss, David, 254

Cadogan, Sir John, 278–279

Canada, 201, 210

capitalism, 181

conservation and, 231

Carnap, Rudolf, 64, 108–110, 149–152

expressive meaning and, 66

Neurath and, 156, 158

noncognitivism and, 166–170

scientific humanism and, 113

value freedom and, 148

value neutrality and, 164, 170

Weber and, 160–161

Weberian value neutrality and, 159–160, 162–163

Cartesianism, 50

cascade model, 280–281

categorical imperative, 158

hypothetical imperatives and, 160

Caucus of Black Economists, 207

celebration project, 215

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 223

Chicago, Illinois, 144

children, 130, 139–140, 142–143

childcare and, 249–252

division of labor and, 260

long childhood and, 245–246

single motherhood and, 262

women’s productivity and, 259

chimpanzees, 255–256

China, 19

Christianity, 41

Aristotelianism and, 42

Aristotle and, 185

corrupting influence of, 126

human flourishing and, 212

perceptible value in, 86

war on science and, 202

Cicero, 20

citizens, 264–273, 284–285

co-created science and, 275–277

collaborative science and, 274

contributory science and, 271–274

global research and, 277

Citizens Convention for Climate, 269

class, 155–157

Classics, 127

falsehoods propagated by, 134

climate change, 25, 194, 216–219, 222–223

agricultural production and, 229

community resilience and, 235

denialism and, 202–203, 219, 237

science system contradictions and, 221

Climate Science Legal Defense Fund, 202

co-created science, 272, 275–277

cognitive inferiority, 241 see also intelligence.

cognitivism, 60, 63–65, 160, 166–170

social values and, 155

Cole, Jonathan, 259

collaborative science, 271, 274–277

Collins, Harry, 216, 218

lovable science and, 222, 237

colonialism, 25, 35, 222, 261

color, 102

commercialization, 33, 104, 209

research priorities and, 267

commodification, 209

biodiversity and, 231

research priorities and, 267

community, 190

citizen science programs and, 284

moral imagination and, 189

community-based research, 272, 275–277

comparative advantage, 259–260

comparative ethology, 240

Condorcet, Marquis de, 111

consensus conferences, 272

conservation biology, 230–231

Consortium for Socially Relevant Philosophy of/in Science and Engineering, 212

consortship, 255–256

Constantinople, 20

contextual empiricism, 152–153, 155

contextualism, 32

contingency, 42–43, 45

perplexities and, 137

contributory science, 271, 273–274

control, 21

Foucault on, 53

conversion experience, 172

Conway, Erik, 202–203, 209

Cooper, David, 23–24, 38, 50

existential humanism and, 55

opposing worldviews and, 30–31

Renaissance tradition and, 38

cooperative breeding, 252

Copernicus, 21

corporations, 222–223, 230

epistemic integrity and, 227

murder sponsored by, 229

cosmology, 17

Cottingham, John, 52

COVID-19 pandemic, 194, 203, 263

Black Americans and, 206–207

food insecurity and, 224

intellectual property regimes and, 230

science’s promise and, 215

trusting science and, 216–218

unpredictability and, 282

Coyne, Jerry, 187

craftwork, 216–217, 222

creation narratives, 17

creativity, 39–40

essentialism and, 48–49

rational subjectivity and, 51

critical rationalism, 38

critical reflection, 77

limits of objectivity and, 78–80

critical thinking, 14, 140

criticisms of science, 220–222

Critique of Practical Reason (Kant), 84

Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 84

critiques of humanism, 23–26

culture, 116, 160–161

as value concept, 163

cultural movements and, 39

curiosity, 140–141, 278–280

Kitchener’s “natural curiosity” and, 178

significance and, 179–180

uselessness and, 181

Danish Board of Technology, The, 272

Darwin, Charles, 133, 145, 240

contemporary impact of, 263

women’s intelligence and, 242

Darwinism, 129, 133, 240

Dawkins, Richard, 177, 187

De Ridder, Jeroen, 63

Declaration of Nyéléni, 234

dehumanization, 53–54

deliberation, 98–100

morals and, 144

demarcation problem, 212

democracy, 14, 104, 239–240

contemporary changes in, 269–270

expertise and, 277

laser-type unpredictability and, 283

nonobjectivism and, 266

research priorities and, 268, 273–274, 281, 285

Democracy and Education (Dewey), 127, 142

Dennett, Daniel, 239

deontology, 158

desacralization, 86–87

Descartes, René, 185, 247

desire, 95–97, 99–101

practical agency and, 93

detachment, 88–92

detached gaze and, 96–97

DeVore, Irven, 261

Dewey, John, 11, 126–127, 131–135, 137–138, 141–144

appreciation and, 136

Baconian ideal and, 35

habits and, 138, 140

institutions according to, 139

More and, 130

religion and, 187–191

religious function of science and, 175, 191–192

science-values synthesis and, 30

spectator conceptions of knowledge and, 154

sympathy and, 144–145

on usefulness, 181

warranted assertibility and, 183

dignity, 1, 20

degradation of, 23

essentialism and, 47

Hull-House and, 144

natural piety and, 189

Renaissance and, 40–42

disciplinary matrices, 69–71, 74–75

paradigms and, 72–73

disenchantment, 174

dispossession of land, 233

distribution, 231, 235–237

distributive justice and, 232–234

distrust of science, 209

divine, the, 86

existential humanism and, 56

independence from, 40–42

Dogma of Evolution, The (More), 129

domestication, 259–260

domesticity, 241, 259

Dowd-Uribe, Luna and Brian, 226

Down to Earth (Latour), 219

Du Bois, W. E. B., 127

lovable science and, 238

dualism, 21, 27–28

human nature and, 133

Husserl’s warning about, 58

mind-body as, 126

transcendental idealism and, 50

Duhem, Pierre, 152–153

Dunbar, Robin, 246

Dupré, John, 47

duty of care, 28

early modern period, 42

natural philosophy and, 44

reason and, 111

Renaissance and, 39, 41

Eco, Umberto, 56

economics, 147, 149–151, 155, 158

anti-racist initiatives in, 211

Carnap on, 167

denial of discrimination by, 206

distributive justice and, 232

growth in, 263

moral judgments and, 162

Neurath’s socialism and, 164

polygamy and, 262

rational economic planning and, 159

research priorities and, 267

unpredictability and, 283

usefulness and, 182

Eddington, Sir Arthur, 18

Eden, Fall from, 197–198

education, 23

Dewey on, 127, 132, 134–137, 142–143

humane values in, 140–142

literary humanism and, 131

saving science and, 211

scientific authority and, 192 see also children.

egalitarianism, 214–215

anthropology and, 261

inegalitarian democracy and, 285

Ehrenfeld, David, 24

The Arrogance of Humanism, 37

Einstein, Albert, 177, 249

Einsteinian science, 121–122

elected representatives, 268

Eliot, Lisa, 245

emotion, 52, 99–101

women and, 259

empathy, 137, 142

empiricism, 34, 152–155, 160, 162–164

education research and, 192

objective thinking and, 63–65

pragmatism and, 175–177

rational subjectivity and, 50

scientific worldview and, 186

Weber on, 161, 169 see also logical empiricism.

emptiness, 56–57

enchantment, 88

endogenous problems, 266, 279, 281, 283–284

engagement, 88–91, 270–272

agency and, 92–93

just science and, 236

local scale of, 284

nonparticipative forms of, 271

research priorities and, 264 see also participation.

engineering, 21

English philosophy, 44, 88

Enlightenment humanism, 13, 22–23, 26–28

deviance and, 51

disenchantment and, 174

German Enlightenment and, 111

independence from the divine and, 41

Kant on, 115

naturalism and, 36

rational subjectivity and, 49

Renaissance and, 39

scientific humanism and, 111

twentieth century as sequel to, 30

unethical consequences of, 23–25

Vienna Circle movement compared to, 151

Enlightenment Now (Pinker), 51

entanglement (of fact and value), 154–155, 159, 170

entrepreneurial science, 279

environment, 24–25

meta-ethical claims and, 98

modernism and, 37

epistemic authority, 16–19, 21, 34

epistemic corruption, 222–223, 237

epistemic elitism, 266–268

epistemic fecundity, 283–284

epistemic frailty, 42–45

epistemic silencing, 220

epistemic values, 147

affirmative action and, 215

pure science and, 175

epistemology, 69

action-oriented thinking and, 153

co-created science and, 275–276

Enlightenment and, 22–24, 27

epistemic value and, 142

essentialism and, 47–48

extraordinary science and, 72–76

intersubjectively authoritative method and, 66–69

metaphysics and, 14–15

modern science’s rejection of, 124

normal science and, 70

political struggle and, 170

rational subjectivity and, 52–53

Renaissance and, 20–21

research and, 283–285

social relations and, 155–156, 165

sociology and, 71–72

utilitarian aims and, 281

equality, 26

biology and, 240

Erasmus, Desiderius, 42

ergon (function), 49

Escobar, Arturo, 220–222

essentialism, 261

aims of science and, 281

evolutionary theory and, 133

phenomenology and, 57

Essentialist Humanism, 25, 27, 38, 45–48

biology and, 46–48

function and, 49

vital conception of science and, 48

estrus, 255

ethics, 14–16

Addams and, 144

cognitive meaninglessness of, 158

Dewey and, 132–133

human nature and, 239

More and, 129–131

objective content and, 65

objective thinking and, 61, 80

as perceptual discipline, 98

romanticism and, 128

unethical consequences and, 23

value properties of nature and, 87

Ethics (Dewey and Tufts), 145

Ethics (Spinoza), 111

Etzkowitz, Henry, 279

eudaimonia, 49

eugenics, 130–131

Europe, 228–229

New Orthodoxy and, 219

Shiva condemnation and, 222

European Commission, 268

evaluative vocabulary, 91–92

Evans, Gareth, 94–96

evidence, 210

theory and, 184

evolution, 47

brain development and, 244–245

child-rearing and, 251–252

concept of the human shifted by, 133

Darwinism and, 129

female form and, 257

hunter-gatherers and, 249

long childhood and, 245–246

sex-linked traits and, 244

social and political applications of, 240

socialization hypothesis and, 246

evolutionary biology, 17

evolutionary psychology, 240

monogamy and, 253, 256–257

exemplars of scientific achievement, 68–72

“exile of God” (“Deus absconditus”), 86

existence, essence preceded by, 46

existential humanism, 31, 38, 55–57

activist stance and, 43

critiques of, 57–59

“Existential Criterion of Reality” (Feyerabend), 192

existentialism, 41

scientific transformation and, 48

exogenous problems, 266–267, 275, 279, 281, 283–284

experience, 127–128, 131–133, 135–139

Addams and, 144

Dewey on, 140–143

empiricism and, 64–65

lit up world and, 58

pure science and, 176

religion and, 187–189, 191

science of, 146

usefulness and, 181–182

Experience and Nature (Dewey), 181, 187

expertise, 217, 245, 247–248

consensus and, 222

epistemic elitism and, 267

just science and, 232

production of, 276–277

reflexivity and, 270

explanation, 32, 88–90

extramarital partners, 258

extraordinary science, 62–63, 67–68

“isms” and, 75

Kuhn and, 72–75

limits of objectivity and, 78

scientism and, 75–76

ExxonMobil, 203

facts, 95–96

entanglement of values with, 154–155, 159, 170

value pluralism and, 160–161

value properties and, 82–83

values distinguished from, 92–93, 167–168

faith, 189–191, 194

Falk, Dean, 247

Fall of Man, 42

Fallist movement, 221

Farewell to Reason (Feyerabend), 53

fascism, 31

Feigl, Herbert, 30, 38, 149–151

feminism, 147–148

alternative visions of society and, 220

demarcation problem and, 212

math test scores and, 248

Neurath and, 157

science’s promise and, 209

sociobiology and, 241

standpoint theory and, 155, 166

Vienna Circle and, 149, 152

fertility, 246, 252–255, 258

fertilizers, 233

Feyerabend, Paul, 53, 186, 192–194

conquest of abundance and, 58

lovable science and, 238

Feynman, Richard, 278–279

Figuerdo, Aurelio José, 245

fine art, 137–138

Fleming, Alexander, 282

flexibility, 127, 133–135, 143

inflexibility and, 140

flourishing, 11–13, 24

Dewey and, 126

eudaimonia and, 49

nonobjectivism and, 266

progress and, 264

saving science and, 211

scientific humanism and, 117

usefulness and, 182

Floyd, George, 207

food, 233–235

insecurity and, 224–225

preparation of, 247–248

provision of, 250–251

security and, 222, 229, 234, 236

sovereignty and, 234, 236

Ford, Franklin, 134–135

fossil fuel industry, 203

Foucault, Michel, 50–51

fragility of science, 218

frailty, 40, 42–45

existential humanism and, 56, 59

France, 117, 265

Citizens Convention for Climate in, 269

Frank, Philipp, 152, 154–155

Fraser, Nancy, 232, 234–236

free play of free intellects, 180, 200, 267

research priorities and, 280

free will, 40

freedom, 14

abstract principles and, 26

Dewey on, 141–142

experience and, 136

rational subjectivity and, 51

research priorities and, 280

Freire, Paulo, 238

From Copernicus to Einstein (Reichenbach), 122

funding, 202, 204–205, 210

research priorities and, 268, 277, 279–281

saving science and, 211

Galileo, 102

gamete size, 253, 255

gap argument, 154, 157, 159, 164

Gattungswesen (species-essence), 48

genetically modified organisms (GMO), 227–229

Bt cotton and, 225–226

production of expertise and, 277

genetics, 225, 227

reproductive strategy and, 254

selfish genes and, 252

genius, 54, 248–249

“Genuine Problems and the Significance of Science” (Brown), 178

geometry, 21

German culture, 114, 116–117

philosophy in, 122

Gibbons, Michael, 279

global justice, 216, 220, 236–237

depeasantization and, 225–229

injustice and, 229–231

three dimensions of, 232–235

Global North, 219–220, 227, 230, 235

Global South, 219–222

agricultural modernization in, 234

GM adoption in, 228–229

vaccine access in, 230

global warming, 210 see also climate change.

God, 86–87

Dewey’s definition of, 190

intellectual love of, 111

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 117

Goldman, Alan, 142

goodness, 126–130, 143

Dewey on, 137, 142, 145

Gould, Stephen Jay, 18, 177

governance, 219, 230–232, 236

citizen participation and, 272

entrepreneurial science and, 279–280

participative societies and, 269–270

Grafton, Anthony, 20

Grandmother Hypothesis, 245–246

Greece, 20, 117

skepticism and, 42

“Green grabbing”, 230

Green Revolution, 220, 224

Habermas, Jürgen, 270

habits, 132–136, 138–143

appreciation and, 137

skills and, 138–139

tastes and, 135–138, 142–143

Hadza hunter-gatherers, 251

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 164

Harding, Sandra, 238

Harman, Gilbert, 91

harms, 3, 24

collective administration and, 35

Harper, Stephen, 202, 210

Hawkes, Kristin, 245–246

Hawking, Stephen, 177

Heidegger, Martin, 45, 57–58

Heisenberg, Werner, 74

heliocentrism, 21

Hellenism, 41

Hensel, Paul, 116–117

hermeneutical tradition, 88

higher will, 126–128, 140

history of science, 113, 117–120, 124

homosexuality, 256

Honneth, Axel, 234

Horkheimer, Max, 25

How We Think (Dewey), 140

Howard, Don, 155–157

“How to Defend Society from Science” (Feyerabend), 193

Hrdy, Sarah, 247, 252, 257

Huckleberry Finn (Twain), 141–142

Hull-House, 144

human condition, 1, 14, 22, 58, 201, 239

Dewey on, 132, 141, 143

experience and, 128

metaphysics and, 38

nature of reality and, 43

science of experience and, 146

Human Genome Project, 268

human nature, 128–134, 239–240

Bronowski and, 112

Carnap and, 110

essentialism and, 45–48

hunter-gatherers and, 250

natural piety and, 189

theory of women and, 262

Human Nature and Conduct (Dewey), 127

human rights, 16

abstract principles and, 26

human sciences, 34, 239–241

theory of women and, 261–262

human welfare, 21

global ecosystem and, 28

harm to the environment and, 24

Humanism and America (Foerster), 129–130

“Humanist Manifesto” (American Humanist Association), 28

humanist organizations, 13, 15, 41

religion and, 17

Humanists International, 15, 28

Humanists UK, 16

humanitas, 20

Hume, David, 87–88, 160

norms following facts denied by, 158

Humeanism, 101

Humphrey, Nick, 246

hunter-gatherers, 242–243, 245–251

division of labor and, 260

sexual behavior and, 257–258

Husserl, Edmund, 57–58

Huxley, Thomas, 129

“I” (personal pronoun), 89

ideal rational acceptability, 183

idealism, 164

idealist value theory, 163

ideals, 190

Said defense of, 27

ideology, 54

idola mente (idols of the mind), 44

imagination, 127, 129, 131–132, 136, 146

Addams and, 144–145

Dewey and, 188–191

Huckleberry Finn and, 141–142

morality and, 194

impartial spectator figure, 145

imperialism, 25

imperialist scientism, 47

incentives, perversion of, 204–206, 210, 212, 215

inclusive development, 236

inclusive science, 264, 266, 268, 273

collaborative science and, 274

objectivity and, 276

incommensurability, 68

India, 19

Indigenous communities, 230, 234–235

expertise of, 34

individualism, 25, 127, 129–131

just science and, 232

untenable epistemology of, 52

inductive risk, argument from, 158–159

industrialization, 149, 228

industry, 144–145

inequality, 229–230

procedural forms of, 236

infidelity, 254

inner check, the, 126, 133–134

inner kinship, 150, 152

institutional religion, 188

institutions, 260

accountability and, 268

reform of, 139

instrumental features of science, 32

instrumentalism, 132, 137, 141, 143

pure science and, 176

integrity, 216–218, 221–222

co-created science and, 276

corporations and, 227

epistemic corruption and, 223

epistemic forms of, 237

“Intellectual Autobiography” (Carnap), 108

intellectual history, 1–2, 4, 7, 11–14

analytic philosophy and, 107–108

degradation of dignity and, 23

high philosophy and, 86

intellectual property, 230

intelligence, 43, 242–243

evolution and, 244–245

expertise theory and, 247–248

Hawkes’s Grandmother Hypothesis and, 245–246

IQ distribution and, 248–249

Miller on, 243–244

socialization hypothesis and, 246

two tails phenomenon and, 244

intelligent sympathy, 145

intentionality, 104

interdisciplinary collaboration, 209

STS and, 217

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, The, 223

internationalism, 120

participatory strategies and, 285

interpretation, 77

limits of objectivity and, 78–80

intersubjectively authoritative method, 64–67, 70, 72

intersubjectivity, 55–56, 73–74

accountability and, 151–152

intersubjective aspect and, 79–80

Weberian value neutrality and, 161–163

IQ, 248–249

Isis (journal), 118

important patrons of, 120

“isms”, 67

extraordinary science and, 75–78

methodology and, 79

scientism and, 72

Itaipú hydroelectric dam, 229

Italy, 20

James, William, 31, 175, 187–188

religious experience and, 189

religious function and, 192

successful belief and, 183

Janack, Marianne, 61

Japan, 265

Jaspers, Karl, 56

Jastrow, Robert, 203

Johnson, Lyndon, 213

The Joint Caucus of Socially Engaged Philosophers and Historians of Science, 212

judgment, 144–145, 157

justice, 216, 220, 235–237

in agricultural production, 227

injustice and, 229–231

lovable science and, 237–238

natural piety and, 190

three dimensions of, 231–235

Kang, S. T., 252

Kant, Immanuel, 26, 84

practical reason and, 88

pursuit of knowledge and, 111

rational subjectivity and, 50

value properties of nature and, 87

vocation and, 115–116

Kantianism, 50

rejection of philosophical doctrines and, 122

Kaplan, Hillard, 247

Kepler, Johannes, 21

kin selection, 252

kindliness, 141

King, Martin Luther, 213–214

Kingdom of Ends, 111

Kitcher, Philip, 178–180, 218

epistemic elitism and, 266

on expertise, 217

GM crops and, 227–229

well-ordered science ideal and, 273

knowledge, 3, 6

Bronowski on, 112–113

constraints on, 45

dogmas of, 35

equal distribution of, 134

“for its own sake,” 30

high and low-grade forms of, 61

Reichenbach view of, 123

science as a source of, 14

spectator conceptions of, 154

knowledge production, 209

agriculture and, 225, 228–229

citizen engagement with, 271–272

modes of, 280

K-strategy of reproduction, 245–246

Kuhn, Thomas, 62, 67–72, 75–76

extraordinary science and, 72–75

five criteria for theory and, 184

research priorities and, 279

labor, division of, 241, 250, 259–261

male dominated occupations and, 262

Lacey, Alan, 21

Landless Workers’ Movement (MST), 229

language, 74

cognitive use of, 64

metaphor and, 103

socialization hypothesis and, 246

lasers, 281

unpredictability and, 282–283

Latin, 19–21

Latin America, 228

Latour, Bruno, 102, 218

authority and, 221

Down to Earth, 219

politics of things and, 104

Laughlin, William, 242

Lebensphilosophie (philosophy of life), 114

Lebenswelt (life-world), 57

legitimacy, 199–200

of demand for accountability, 278, 281–282

of expectations, 285

of social values, 212

values and, 232

LGBTQ, 209

liberal-rational humanism, 46

liberation movements, 27

Limitations of Science (More), 129, 131

linguistics, 103

philosophical distinctions vs., 92

Lipton, Peter, 18

literary humanism, 126–129, 131, 133

Dewey and, 137, 140

pragmatism and, 145

secondhand values and, 136

literary intellectuals, 111–112

“lit up” world, 55–56, 58

local contexts, 269–270, 272, 274–275, 277, 284

Locke, John, 102

logical atomism, 107

logical empiricism, 29–30, 63–65

analytic philosophy of science and, 124

objective thinking and, 80

reevaluation of, 147

scientific humanism and, 113

scientism and, 71

spectator forces of knowledge and, 154

unity of science and, 120–121

values strictly separated by, 31

“Logic of Judgements of Practice, The” (Dewey), 142

Long, Pamela, 20

longevity, 245–246

Longino, Helen, 152–153

lovable science, 216–217, 237–238

Luhmann, Niklas, 270

Lutheranism, 45

Lynn, Richard, 241, 244

Macron, Emmanuel, 269

male dominated occupations, 262

Man the Hunter (Lee and DeVore), 242, 250–251

Marcel, Gabriel, 56

ontological humility and, 59

“March for Science” (US), 210

marginalized communities, 236

market economy, 33, 267

unpredictability and, 283

marriage, 256–257

artistic insight and, 262

Marx, Karl, 48

Marxism, 46

noncognitivism and, 158

standpoint theory and, 155–157

Mātauranga Māori, 220

mate choice, 256–257

materialism, 127–128, 130, 133–134, 138, 144

mathematical ability, 248–249

mathematics, 20–21

scientism and, 64–66

McCarthyism, 31

McDowell, John, 86, 95

meaning, 59

cradle of meanings and, 56

crisis of, 74

Dewey on, 189–190

intersubjective authority and, 64

pragmatism and, 188

religious function and, 192

scientific humanism and, 115–116

mechanization, 144

medieval period, 12, 19–20

epistemic frailty and, 42

self-assertion and, 41

women working in, 252

Merchants of Doubt (Oreskes and Conway), 202, 222

Mesopotamia, 252

metaethics, 98

modern science’s rejection of, 124

noncognitivism and, 149, 157, 166

politics of things and, 104

value properties of nature and, 87

metaphor, 18, 102–103

metaphysics, 157, 163

anti-metaphysicians and, 147

Carnap on, 169–170

Dewey’s skepticism of, 133, 145

ego illusion and, 51

Enlightenment and, 22, 24, 27

epistemic frailty and, 43

epistemology and, 14–15

Feigl on, 150

metaphor and, 103

naturalism and, 38

Neurath on, 159

objective content and, 65

objective thinking and, 61, 80

religion and, 16–17

Renaissance and, 20–21

science dabbling in, 129

scientific worldview and, 186

theoretical agency and, 85

Midgley, Mary, 47

Miller, Geoffrey, 243–244

mind, states of, 87, 99

desirabilities and, 94–96

desire and, 93, 101

mind-body dualism, 126

misogyny, 259

modern science, 121–124

modernity, 107–108

environmentalism and, 37

progress and, 124

Renaissance and, 19

superstitions of, 104

value pluralism and, 161

modernization, 122, 124

agriculture and, 220, 225, 233–234

monarchy, 261

monism, 192

Monod, Jacques, 187

monogamy, 241, 262

myth of, 253

Monsanto, 227

Montaigne, Michel de, 44

Mooney, Chris, 201

moral evaluation, 162

moral imagination, 189, 194

moral philosophy, 41

moral sentiments, 88

desirabilities and, 95, 101

desire and, 93

morality, agency and, 100–102

animal behavior and, 131

deliberation and, 144

desirabilities and, 99

Dewey on, 129, 133, 136, 141–142

judgment and, 145

romanticism and, 128

unprovable demands of, 158

More, Louis Trenchard, 128–131

More, Paul Elmer, 126, 128

Mota de Oliveira, Valmir, 229

motivation, 99, 101

desire and, 97

Murray, Charles, 241, 261

music, 135

as “auditory cheesecake,” 40

Nagel, Ernest, 108

National Black Child Development Institute, 208

National Economics Association, 207

National Medical Association, 207

National Science Foundation, 208

natural philosophy, 12

ancient texts and, 20

early modern period and, 44

Scientific Revolution and, 27

natural piety, 189–190, 194

natural selection, 240–241, 258

intelligence and, 242

natural theology, 38

naturalism, 108

Carnap and, 169

Enlightenment and, 22, 36

essentialism and, 46

humanism and, 150

literary humanism and, 131

metaphysics and, 20

More and, 129–130

Neurath and, 152, 157

new humanism and, 117

religion and, 17–18

religious experience and, 189

science as a source of knowledge and, 14

unconditional value statements and, 160

values properties and, 87

Weberian value neutrality and, 163

naturalistic humanism, 38

independence from the divine and, 40

nature, 85–88

control over, 21

as Creation, 198

duty of care for, 28

as human resource, 58

perception and, 102–103

properties of, 104

Reichenbach on, 122–123

relation and, 189–191

religion and, 192

state of, 261

value properties of, 84

Nature (journal), 268–269

Nazism (National Socialism), 25, 37

as humanism, 37

neo-Kantianism, 163

Vienna Circle and, 163

neoliberalism, 181, 220

neopositivism, 151

Neurath, Otto, 150–158

lovable science and, 238

noncognitivist standpoint theory and, 164–167, 169–170

utilitarianism and, 161

value freedom and, 148–149

Weber and, 162

Weberian value neutrality and, 159–160, 162–164

New Atlantis (Bacon), 198, 215

new humanism, 116–117

Sarton and, 118–120

“New Humanism, The” Hensel, 117

New Orthodoxy of Value-Laden Science, 216–224, 227, 231, 237

New Yorker (magazine), 222

Newton, Isaac, 87, 177, 249

contemporary impact of, 263

Newtonian science, 84, 87–88

niceness, 257–258

Nierenberg, William, 203

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 40

drives for power and, 54

existential humanism and, 55–56

nihilism, 114

NIMBY syndrome (Not in My Backyard), 270

Nobel Prize, 205, 267

GM crops and, 227

Noether, Max, 117

noncognitivism, 149, 157–158, 170

Carnap and, 166–170

neopositivism and, 151

standpoint epistemology and, 166

Weberian value neutrality and, 160

non-epistemic values, 148, 151–155, 158, 164

auxiliary motives and, 156

unconditional statements and, 164–166

non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 236

GMOs and, 277

non-incentives, 205, 212, 215

non-objectivism, 264–266, 270, 277

non-pragmatic epistemic criteria, 175, 182–185

nonreproductive mating, 255–256

normal science, 62, 67–72, 75–77

extraordinary science and, 72–74

normative demands, 84, 94, 97

metaphor and, 102–103

practical agency and, 102–103

North America, 150, 203

Bt cotton and, 226

New Orthodoxy and, 219

religious humanists in, 17

Shiva condemnation and, 222

noumena, 84

Novum Organum (Bacon), 21

Nussbaum, Martha, 49

objective content, 65, 75–77

objectivity, 60–64, 66–67, 78–80

co-created science and, 276

craftwork and, 217

just science and, 232

Longino on, 153

New Orthodoxy and, 218–219

objectivity deficit and, 77–78

problems and, 110

scientism and, 71, 78

standpoint theory and, 165–166

unconditional value statements and, 161

value freedom and, 147–148, 155

vocabularies of value and, 82

Okruhlik, Kathleen, 155–158, 165–166

On Human Nature (Wilson), 46, 261

ontological naturalism, 108

opportunistic mating, 255

optatives, 168–170

Oration on the Dignity of Man (Pico della Mirandolla), 40–41

Oreskes, Naomi, 202–203, 209, 216–219, 222

trust and, 222

original sin, 42

anti-humanism and, 45

Otto, Shawn, 201, 209

Ottoman Turks, 20

ought/is principle, 160, 239

pain, 100

paradigms, 62

extraordinary science and, 75–77

intersubjective aspect and, 79

Paraná, Brazil, 229

paraphraseability, 103

parental choice of mates, 256–257

Paris Climate Accord, 203

Parmenides, 193

participation, 271–274, 285

global priorities and, 277

non-participative forms of engagement and, 270

participative societies and, 264, 266, 269–270

Pascal, Blaise, 44

paternal involvement, 253, 256, 262

patriarchy, 261

Pauli, Wolfgang, 74

peacock’s tail theory, 243, 245

peasants, 228

de-peasantization and, 224, 235

dispossession and, 233

misrecognition and, 234

pedophilic activity, 256

Peels, Rick, 66

peer review, 205–206, 211, 274

saving science and, 211

Peirce, Charles S., 183

perceptible world, 84–85, 88, 104

perception, 100–102

beliefs and, 100–101

ethics and, 98

motivation and, 99

perfectibility of humanity, 111

“Personal Life and Class Struggle” (Neurath), 155

personal religion, 188–189

persons with disabilities, 54

perspective, 89–92

detachment and, 92–93

pesticides, 226, 233

Pfizer, 227

“Philosophical Significance of Modern Physics” (Reichenbach), 121

phenomenology, 55–56

philosophy, 77

extraordinary science and, 73–74

history of, 2

rejection of, 122

science preferred to, 239

philosophy of science, 2, 121, 124

aims of science and, 32

contextual empiricism and, 153

demarcation problem and, 212

depoliticization of, 217

diversity of scientific practice and, 223

Global North and, 220

knowledge production and, 209

Kuhn and, 68

logical empiricism and, 29, 147

Marx’s contributions to, 48

Neurath and, 155–156

New Orthodoxy and, 218

pragmatism and, 175

Sarton and, 117

Science Wars and, 53

standpoint theory and, 165

well-ordered science and, 273

World War I and, 113

Pico della Mirandolla, Giovanni, 43

essentialism and, 45

Oration on the Dignity of Man, 40–41

Pielke, Roger, 277

Pinker, Steven, 39, 49, 239, 262

women’s emotions and, 259

Plato, 115

literary humanism and, 126

pleasure and pain, 162

Ploeg, Jan Douwe van der, 224

pluralism, 32

essentialism and, 47

scientific worldview and, 186

social division and, 269

Plutarch, 20

Poincaré, Henri, 152

Polanyi, Michael, 284

political economy, 104

meta-ethical claims and, 98

political institution building, 15–16

political philosophy, 15, 232

recognition and, 234

science and, 238

politics, 281

blue sky science and, 278

Enlightenment and, 151

epistemological risks of, 275

fact-value distinctions and, 167

meta-ethical claims and, 98

Neurath and, 152, 156–158

objective thinking and, 61

of things, 104

political action and, 124

production of expertise and, 276–277

research agendas and, 284–285

standpoint theory and, 155, 164–166

unpredictability and, 282

value freedom and, 170

Vienna Circle and, 147–149

visibility and, 104

Weberian value neutrality and, 159–161

polygamy, 253, 262

Pomponazzi, Pietro, 40

Popper, Karl, 38

popularization of science, 177

populism, 219, 222–223, 227, 237

anti-science and, 216–218

positive knowledge, 118, 120

possessive relationships, 255

postcolonialism, 35

postmodernism, 27

post-partum depression, 252

poverty, 224–225

biodiversity and, 231

pro-poor technology and, 225–226, 228

power, 285

rational subjectivity and, 54

practical agency, 82, 84–85, 90–92

desire and, 93–94, 96

perception and, 101–102

value properties and, 88, 97

practical attitude, 166–167

practical reason, 84, 88

Carnap and, 169–170

pragmatism, 30–31

Addams and, 144

American pragmatism and, 4, 30–31, 110

Dewey and, 126–127, 132

empiricism and, 175–178

function of science and, 172–175

instrumentalism and, 181

justification for science and, 109–110

literary humanism and, 128, 145

metaphor and, 103

non-pragmatic criteria and, 182–185

problem-solving inquiry and, 186

religion and, 187–188

scientific worldview and, 187

prediction, 32, 88–90

and control, 172–178, 182–184, 186 see also unpredictability.

prescientific thought, 38

“Pretensions of Science, The” (More), 129

prevention project, 213–215

primates, 255–256

primitivism, 128

privilege, 214–215

probability, logical foundations of, 110

problems, articulation of, 109

solution of, 109–110

Proctor, Robert, 202

professional training, 284

non-professionals and, 271–272, 274–276

progress, 118, 263–264

Bush on, 280

modernity and, 124

normal science and, 71

progressivism, 131–133, 141, 146

properties, 101–103

visibility and, 104 see also value properties.

Protagoras, 20

pseudo-science, 129

psychology, 129

anti-racist initiatives in, 211

literary humanism cordoned off from, 131

racism in field of, 208

replication crisis in, 205

public health, 222

distribution and, 235

distributive justice and, 233

food sovereignty and, 234

GM crops and, 227

health sciences and, 230

pesticides and, 226

science system and, 231

trusting science and, 216–217, 221

public opinion, 263

public sphere, 4, 13, 33

Punjab, India, 220–221

pure science, 30, 175–177

puzzles, 69–70, 180

usefulness and, 182

quantum physics, 121–122

engineering and, 263

lasers and, 282

“questions of life,” 29

quietism, 43–44

Quine, W. V., 108, 152

ethical noncognitivism and, 157

racism, 206–208, 211, 240

footrace metaphor and, 213–215

saving science and, 211

value freedom and, 147–148

Vienna Circle and, 149

rape, 254

ratiocentrism, 52–53

rational subjectivity, 23, 38, 49–53

dehumanization and, 53–54

existential humanism and, 55 see also subjectivity.

rationality, 85

deliberation and, 99–100

deviance and, 51

existential humanism and, 55

liberal-rational humanism and, 46

noncognitivism and, 167

religious structure and, 42

scientific humanism and, 109–111

value functions and, 168

Raven’s Progressive Matrices, 241

Rawls, John, 270

reality, 43, 45

Aristotle’s principle and, 192–194

“isms” and, 61–63

pure science and, 175

reason, 13–15

antiquity and, 20

auxiliary motives and, 157

Bacon’s “idols of the mind” and, 200

Enlightenment and, 22–24

Enlightenment critiques and, 26–27

human welfare and, 21

lovable science and, 237

metaphysics as narcotic to, 169

moral vocation of, 111

non-scientific reasoning as, 34–35

nonverbal testing and, 241

the other of, 167, 170

vocation of, 116

will and, 167

rectification project, 213, 215

reflexivity, 167, 170, 222

increasing trend of, 269

reform, 126–128, 130–131

institutions and, 139

Reichenbach, Hans, 107, 121–124

scientific humanism and, 113

Reilly, David, 248

relativism, 68, 172

just science and, 232

religion, 126

Bacon’s promise and, 198, 200

epistemic authority and, 16–19

existential humanism and, 58–59

natural theology and, 38

pragmatist views of, 178, 187–191

science as, 34, 172, 174–175, 191–192

scientific worldview and, 185, 187

religionism, 172, 174, 185, 192

religious existentialism, 56

Religious Humanism, 17

Remarque, Erich Maria, 114

Renaissance humanism, 12–13, 19–21, 36–42

creativity and, 48

critical attitudes toward dogma and, 26

epistemic frailty and, 45

essentialism and, 45, 47

existential humanism and, 56

historical narrative and, 41–42

limitations of truth and, 43

new humanism and, 117

new science and, 198

rational subjectivity and, 54

science’s promise and, 199

replication, 205

replication crisis and, 209–210, 212

representation, 231–232, 235–237

reproduction, 245–246

age window for, 258

strategies for, 254–258

reproductive skew, 257

Republican War on Science, The (Mooney), 201

Republicans, 201–202

“Republic of Science, The” (Polanyi), 283

research, 266–269, 271–272, 281–285

accountability and, 282–283

cascade model and, 280–281

collaborative science and, 274

community basis for, 263–277

global priorities for, 272–273, 277–280

grants and, 204

journals and, 205–206

non-objectivism and, 270

original ideas for, 205

participatory action and, 236

priorities for, 264–265

research-intensive countries, 264–265

Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), 268

revolution, 11, 77

philosophy’s alienation from, 123

revolutionary science, 67–68, 72

Rhodes Must Fall movement, 221–222

Rhodes, Cecil, 221

Rickert, Heinrich, 163

Ridley, Matt, 254

right-wing politics, 212

Rise of Scientific Philosophy, The (Reichenbach), 123

ritual, 86

Romans, 20, 117

romantic attachment, 256

romanticism, 127–128, 130–131

Roosevelt, Franklin, 199

Rosenberg, Alex, 66

Rousseauvian romanticism, 128

Royal Institution, 87

Royal Society, 87, 104, 278

Bacon and, 198

Russell, Bertrand, 107

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law (Columbia University), 202

sacredness, 86–87

Sagan, Carl, 177, 187

Said, Edward, 27, 35

Sarewitz, Daniel, 205

Sarton, George, 113, 118–121, 130

Reichenbach compared to, 123

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 46, 55

Schlick, Moritz, 149

Schmitt, David, 254

Science and Moral Imagination (Brown), 186

science and technology studies (STS), 217, 237, 279

Science in a Democratic Society (Kitcher), 227

science system, 219–221, 235–237

contradictions with, 221–223, 229–230

“Science As Craftwork With Integrity” (Collins), 216

“Science as Vocation” (Weber), 115

“Science Must Fall” (Harris), 221

“Science – The Endless Frontier” (Bush), 263

“science with a human face”, 218

scientia, 12

scientific community, 69–71, 73–74

accountability and, 279–281

collaborative science and, 274

endogenous problems and, 266

scientific convergence, 82–83

scientific fraud, 205

scientific humanism, 110–111, 113–114, 124

Bronowski and, 112

Carnap and, 108–109, 120

human nature and, 46

Reichenbach and, 117–118

Snow and, 111

Vienna Circle and, 29

Weber and, 115–116, 123

scientific literacy, 270

three forms of, 273

scientific method, 16

replication fundamental to, 205

study of human behavior and, 128

Vienna Circle and, 109, 149

scientific naturalism, 41

scientific practice, 72

diversity of, 223

food sovereignty and, 234

intercultural dialogue and, 235

just science and, 232, 236–237

theoretical agency and, 85

scientific realism, 45, 173–176, 182, 184

antirealism and, 31

convergence and, 83

overconfidence in, 193

Scientific Revolution, 22

Enlightenment and, 27

scientific rules, 70–72, 74

commitment to, 68

scientific significance, 178–180

usefulness and, 182

scientific thinking, 61–62

scientific unpredictability, 282–285

scientific value freedom, 147

Scientific World-Conception, 37, 150, 156

pure science and, 176

scientific worldview, 175, 185–187

construction of, 177–178

pragmatism and, 174–175

pure science and, 176

religion and, 188

religious function of science and, 191, 194

“Scientific Conception of the World, The” (Vienna Circle), 29, 150

scientism, 34, 60–64, 66–68, 75–76, 81–82

anti-scientism and, 83, 88

existential humanism and, 58

imperialism of, 47

intersubjectively authoritative method and, 64–66

“isms” and, 72

limits of objectivity and, 78–80

resistance to, 84–85, 87–88

theory of women and, 261

traditional ways of life and, 192

value freedom and, 217

value properties and, 104

secular humanism, 36

independence from the divine and, 40

religion and, 16

secularism, 14, 19, 22, 36, 42

faith and, 189–192, 194

rationalization of the world and, 174

Seigfried, Charlene Haddock, 144

Seitz, Fred, 203

self-knowledge, 95

Bronowski on, 112

self-perspective, 89–90, 92

self-standing mental states, 94, 96–97

sexism, 54, 240

sexual selection, 243–244

sexual specialization, 241

Shapin, Steven, 54, 124

Shiva, Vandana, 220–223

Bt cotton and, 226

silenced voices, 54

Silencing Science Tracker, 202

silo problem, 209

Singer, Fred, 203

situated knowledge, 228

skepticism, 42, 67

Skoyles, John, 247

slavery, 136, 142, 260–261

Smith, Adam, 88, 145

Snow, C. P., 111–112

social change, 147–148, 150–151

social epistemology and, 155–156, 165

socialism and, 164

social differentiation, 155

social engineering, 261

social environment, 128, 133–135, 139, 142

social intelligence, 246

social justice, 16

social learning, 259

social practice, 52–54

social roles of science, 224

social science, 156–157

Neurath as, 158

Weber and, 161–163

social utility, 278, 282–283

social-environmental crises, 223, 229–230, 232, 237

GM crops and, 228

socialism, 31, 149, 151, 158–159

Neurath and, 164

socialization hypothesis, 246–247

society, 6

agricultural science impact on, 224–227

alternative visions of, 220

cascade model and, 280–281

consequences of laissez-faire approaches to, 35

contemporary democracy changes and, 269–270

contemporary science and, 200–201

interface of science and, 223

just interface of science and, 238

just science and, 236

legitimate values of, 212

modern science’s benefit to, 197–200

science’s responsibility to, 30

social unrest and, 206–208 see also participation.

Society for Philosophy of Science in Practice (SPSP), 212

sociobiology, 240–241

sociological humanism, 127

sociology, 129, 218

extraordinary science and, 74

intersubjectively authoritative method and, 66–67

Kuhn and, 68–69

Marxism and, 157

normal science and, 71–72

science as artifact of, 142

Weber and, 159

Socrates, 21

Sophists, 21

South Africa, 221

Soviet Union, 31

Spengler, Oswald, 113

Spinoza, Baruch, 111

Spriggs, William, 207

Sputnik 1, 31

stakeholders, 232, 236, 285

co-created science and, 275–276

food system and, 233

standpoint theory, 155–157, 161, 164–166, 170

practical attitudes and, 167

Starr, Ellen Gates, 144

Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn), 67

Studia Humanitatis, 20

subject, theory of the, 50–51

subjective value, 110

subjectivity, 55

intersubstitutability of, 165

pseudo-science and, 129

sociocultural contexts and, 218

subjective aspect and, 79–80

values constructed by, 88

“view from nowhere” and, 148 see also rational subjectivity

superempirical virtues, 177, 182–184

pure science and, 175

supernaturalism, 15–16

Dewey and, 190

James and, 189

pragmatism and, 188

protection by, 109

religious function of science and, 191

religious humanism and, 19

secular humanism and, 36

Vienna Circle and, 149

superstition, 151

of modernity, 104

supervenience, 92–93

Switzerland, 265

sympathetic understanding, 143–145

Syngenta, 229

Tallis, Raymond, 47

Taylor, Charles, 36, 49

teaching (as vocation), 116

technology, 1, 3

pro-poor forms of, 225–226, 228

usefulness and, 181

The World (Descartes), 185

theoretical agency, 84–85, 89, 91

theoretical reason, 83, 88

agency and, 84–85

theory

construction of, 177

Kuhn’s five criteria for, 184

non-pragmatic criteria and, 182–183

pragmatism and, 185–186

scientific realism and, 173, 176

scientific worldview and, 174

successful features of, 32

theory-ladenness of observation and, 101

underdetermination of, 172

things, politics of, 104

Thought News (newspaper), 134

tobacco strategies (Proctor), 202

tradition, 130–131

Dewey and, 134, 141

scientific realism and, 193

scientific worldview and, 187, 192

transcendental idealism, 50

transcendentalism, 56

“strange empirico-transcendental doublet” and, 50

transdisciplinary research methods, 236

triumphalism, 42

Trivers, Robert, 261

Trump, Donald, 201–203, 210, 219, 223

truth, 32, 82–83

finality of scientific claims and, 34

intelligible meanings of, 168

noncognitivism and, 170

pragmatism and, 31

pure science and, 175

Renaissance and, 43

science’s aims at, 182–184

truth-valuability, 151, 154, 160

Tufts, James, 145

Turner, Chris, 201

Twain, Mark, 136

twenty-first century science, 33

two tails phenomenon, 244

right tail of, 248

Ubuntu, 220

unconditional statements, 160–162, 164–166, 170

underdetermination, 152, 157, 164, 172, 177

undernutrition, 233

understanding, 32

Unheimlichkeit (eeriness), 56

unified science, 29

Union of Concerned Scientists, 210

Unitarian Universalist Humanist Association, 17

United Kingdom, 265

United States, 126

denial of scientific authority in, 192

hostility to advocacy in, 31

“March for Science” in, 210

setting research agendas in, 265

social unrest and, 206–208

war on science in, 201–204

United States Congress, 201

United States Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 199

unity of science, 117–118, 120

and disunity, 119

value relevance and, 163

Weber-Rickert denial of, 163

universal standards, 128

urban poverty, 224–225

useful science, 180–182

useless science, 175, 178, 181–182, 185

Kitcher and, 178–180

utilitarianism, 158

community-based research and, 275

epistemic aims and, 281

research priorities and, 280

vaccines, 216, 227, 230

valuation, 133, 135, 142–143

value abstraction, 26–27, 33, 239

value chains, 225

value freedom, 147–148, 152, 155, 170, 217–219

Weberian value neutrality and, 158–161

value functions, 168–169

value illusions, 101

value neutrality, 162–166, 170

value pluralism, 161–163, 165

value properties, 82–83, 87–88, 91–93

desire and, 93–94

metaphor and, 103

perception and, 98–99, 101–103

practical agency and, 97

resistance to scientism and, 83–86

value relations, 163

value relevance, 163–164

value statements, 162, 164–167, 169–170

value terms, 91

value theory, 14–15, 20–21

Enlightenment and, 22–23, 25–28

epistemic authority and, 16

value-laden science, 218

values, 2, 6

appreciation and, 136

cognitive forms of, 66

Dewey on, 131–132, 142–145

education and, 140

egalitarianism replacing racism and, 214

empathy and, 141–142

fact-value distinction and, 167–168

food sovereignty and, 234

intercultural dialogue and, 235

justice and, 232

moral evaluation and, 162

Nietzschean table of, 41

noncognitivism and, 166–168

perception and, 100–102

prioritization of, 34

religious function of science and, 191–194

saving science and, 212

separation of, 31

subjective values and, 110

value-free ideal and, 54

vitalism and, 103

vocabulary of, 91

Varieties of Reference, The (Evans), 94

Verein für Sozialpolitik, 159, 161

verstehen tradition, 88

Vienna Circle, 29

left-wing of, 147–149, 152, 170

logical empiricism and, 113

neo-Kantianism and, 163

scientific humanism and, 109

Scientific World-Conception and, 37, 150

Weber and, 159–160

violence, 256

Violence of the Green Revolution, The (Shiva), 220

vitalism, 103–104

Vives, Juan de Luis, 45

vocation, 116

Wageningen University and Research, 229

Wai, Jonathan, 248

waist-to-hip ratios, 257

Walker, R. S., 256

war on science, 201–203, 206, 209–210, 215, 232

New Orthodoxy and, 218

Science Wars of 1990s and, 53, 124

War on Science, The (Otto), 201–203, 209–210

War on Science, The (Turner), 201–203

Weber, Max, 159–162, 169

disenchantment and, 174

value neutrality and, 162–164

World War I and, 115–116

Weberianism, 88, 170

well-ordered science, 227, 273

Western science, 33

expertise outside, 34

Whewell, William, 12

Whisperings Within, The (Barash), 249

White Americans, 206

Why We Can’t Wait (King), 213

“Why We Should Trust Scientists” (Oreskes TED talk), 216

will, the, 123

fiats of, 139

higher ethical will and, 126–128, 140

noncognitivism and, 166–169

Williams, Bernard, 45, 82–83

Williams, William Carlos, 127

Wilson, E. O., 46, 254, 261

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 100

women, 240–242

academia and, 258

childcare and, 249–252

comparative advantage and, 259–260

evolution and, 244–245

expertise theory and, 247–248

Hawkes’s Grandmother Hypothesis and, 245–246

intelligence and, 242–243

IQ distribution and, 248–249

measurable differences between men and, 259

Miller on intelligence in, 243–244

monogamy myth and, 253–254

recognition and, 234

reproductive strategies for, 254–258

role divisions and, 260–261

socialization hypothesis and, 246

theory of, 241, 261

two tails phenomenon and, 244

work outside the home by, 252–253

wonder, 191

world, 55–57

being in, 57–59

perspective on, 90–93

World Health Organization, 203

World War I, 113–115, 117

New Humanism and, 119–120

Weber and, 115–116

World War II, 199

worldview, 25

continuity between, 121–122

experience and, 191

opposition between, 31

unified scientific world-conception as, 29 see also scientific worldview.

Wright, K. I., 252

Wylie, Alison, 155

Young, Iris Marion, 234

Zuckerman, Harriet, 259

Zuckmayer, Carl, 114

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