Index
Pages in italics indicate references to a table or figure.
actionable science, 37
adaptive management. See also climate change; intervention: coping
administrative decisions, of,
difficulties regarding intervention,
information, role of, 109
intervention, and, 109,
laws, adapting, 42
legitimacy, 42
path dependence, and, 42
risk aversion, and, 42
single action bias, and, 42
threshold conditions, cumulative, and, 171
uncertainty, required to address, 36
Amazon forest, 121
Angola, 61
Argentina
constitutional law, 125
Bangladesh
air pollution law, 93
Bhutan
forest-related law and policy, 97
boundaries, planetary, 83
boundaries, spatial
change to allow development, 305
conceptualization and, 28,
coordination, 187
harm crossing jurisdictions, 44
jurisdictions, 188
regulators, link with, 80
Brazil
forestry law, 121
Central Valley, California, USA
conceptualization
approaches to defining who matters, 215
defining matter of concern, , 210
disadvantaged communities, 235
environmental justice (cumulative view), 235
groundwater levels, 234
disadvantaged communities, , 217
environmental justice, 216
environmental justice (cumulative view),
groundwater depletion, 208
groundwater monitoring law, 224
groundwater planning law
local control, 223
land use planning law, 215,
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, 224
basin prioritization, 228
boundaries, spatial, 227
conceptualization, 225
coordination, state-local, 233
coping mechanisms, 233
interventions, 232
monitoring, 231
public participation, 228
stakeholders, consideration of, 229
threshold conditions, cumulative, 230
water pollution law, 213
water supply planning law, 214
CIRCle Framework, 4, 53, See also conceptualization; information; intervention; coordination
introduction to,
climate change, 1, See also Great Barrier Reef
adaptation law
buyout initiatives, in general, 4
carbon embodied in buildings, law, 158
coal mining, 242
emissions reporting law
Australia, 149
Great Barrier Reef, threat to, 241
information about, 196
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 198
Closed Farm Law, South Tyrol, 295
cognitive myopia, 39
collective action, 25,
common pool resources, 46
conceptualization. See also matter of concern
adapting,
boundaries, spatial,
clarity, need for, , 88
coordination for,
definition of, 77
difficulties, 30
distinct legal function of, 76
process, as a, 88
reductionism, and,
restoration goals,
role in CIRCle Framework, , 80
rules, need for, 50
subjectivity of,
threshold conditions, cumulative,
transparency, need for, 79
unclear, 4
conservation law. See also biodiversity law, endangered species law, nature restoration law
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, USA, 93
India, 125
Kiribati, 199
Namibia, 118
Tanzania, 161
construction law
Denmark, 158
cooperative federalism, 204
coordination. See also South Tyrol grasslands
comprehensiveness of, 182
conflict between actors, 200
conflict between interventions \i, 199
constitutional law (legislative competencies),
costs related to, 48
definition of, 179
difficulties,
South Tyrol grasslands,
efficiency, 184
environmental justice, 222
fairness, 185
First Nations, with, 59
horizontal, need for, 188
informal, 185
institutions versus rules for,
intervention, related to, 41,
links with other CIRCle Framework functions, , 182
need for,
peer pressure, and, 46
risks of not coordinating, 44
rules, need for, 52
stakeholders, with, 43
uncertainty, effects of, 47
unlikely to arise organically,
cost-benefit analysis, 40
costs
administrative (to government),
boundary delineation, of, 91
cost-cutting, risks of, 36
models, of, 36
cultural rights, 89
Denmark
construction law, 158
directors’ duties, 145
discounting, 39
duplication
information, related to, 31
ecosystem services, 85
environmental certification schemes, 144
environmental democracy, 104
environmental impact assessment
adaptive management, 171
Australia, 202
Chile, 173
cumulative effects assessment, benefits of,
cumulative impact requirements in,
decision-making, effect on, 36
environmental harm, definition of, 61
environmental impact report, 61
focus in cumulative impacts literature, 56
Greece, 125
international law of, 68
scoping, 61
significant impact,
simplification, 163
vagueness of, 84
environmental justice, 83,
boundaries, and, 91
Bureau of Environmental Justice (California Department of Justice), 221
climate justice, 93
distributive (cumulative view), , 237
Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice, USA, 222
National Environmental Justice Advisory Council, USEPA, 222
procedural justice, 81
White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council, USA, 222
erosion, soil, 243
ethics,
collective responsibility, 41
intentionality, 41
intentionality, without, 41
regulation, of, 41
Federated States of Micronesia, 60
First Nations
Aotearoa/New Zealand, 99
co-benefits from offsets, 140
coordination with, 47,
coordination, resources for, 81
Ecuador, 33
information, 58
intervention mechanisms, 58
laws and cumulative impact concepts,
Sweden, 96
futility, 39
geoengineering, 146
Germany
constitutional law, 67
dynamisches umweltsensitives Verkehrsmanagement, 169
Umweltministerkonferenz, 196
Global South
applying CIRCle Framework to, 19
Great Barrier Reef, 63
adaptive management
guidance, lack of, 266
boundaries, 91
case study,
climate adaptation, 269
climate change, effects of, 239
climate change mitigation,
conceptualization, 246
Cumulative Impacts Management Policy,
cumulative threats to, , 244
deforestation
ongoing concern, 267
environmental impact assessment law, 265
information mechanisms,
citizen science, 255
cumulative impact assessment, 253
gaps relating to compliance, 255
Paddock to Reef program, 253
Reef 2050 Integrated Monitoring and Reporting Program, 254
Reef Report Card, 252
technology, use of, 255
water quality consensus statements, 255
legislative competencies relevant to, 247
offsets, 270
Reef 2050 Plan, 256
regulatory burdens
differences by activity, 264
silos, legal, 269
Greece
environmental impact assessment, 125
groundwater
deep, 87
depletion, 205
models, 36
pollution remediation, 106
scientific advice, independent, 117
subsidence, 205
Guatemala, 34
India
air pollution law, 97
Andra Pradesh Water, Land and Trees Authority, 192
State Biodiversity Boards, 194
water law, 194
indices
aquifer risk map, 212
CalEnviroScreen (California EPA), 220
cultural health, 99
EJScreen (U.S. EPA), 219
environmental justice, 158
limits, related to, 157
information. See also costs; First Nations knowledge; models
access to information,
aggregation, need for, 34
comprehensiveness, 113
contextualized, 35
coordination for,
definition of, 103
environmental impact assessment, role of, 106
environmental justice, relation to, 104
hoarding, 48
inconsistency in, 31
links with other CIRCle Framework functions,
long-term data collection, 31
models, 126
non-use in management, 4
power, relation to, 104
predictions, 106
producers of,
rules, about, 37
rules, need for,
secrecy, 34
types required,
uncertainty, compounding, 40
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 198
intergovernmental relations, 179
international law and cumulative impacts,
customary international law, 70
multilateral development banks, 70
multilateral environmental agreements,
intervention
adaptive management, and,
comprehensiveness, lack of, 4
enforcement gap,
exemptions, 162
existing activities, 160
implementation gap,
small impacts, 160
comprehensiveness, need for,
coordination for,
information, requirements for, 107
limits, 135
reducing harm, 149
regulatory approaches for, , 149
regulatory strategies for, , 149
reliability of, ,
rules, need for, 51
threshold conditions, cumulative, 133
uncertainty, effects of, 140
uncertainty, responses to, 172
Iraq
Hima protected area law, 89
Japan
pollution law, 149
Kyrgyzstan, 61
land use planning law
California, USA, 215,
cumulative impacts, 65
gaps in application (existing uses), 65
South Tyrol, Italy, 294
landscape, 85,
Laos, 161
Lebanon
Hima protected area law, 89
London, 2
Malawi
water law, 173
Maldives
climate adaptation, 149
Malta
environmental impact assessment law, 60
management-based regulation, 144
marine ecosystems, 4
marine spatial planning, 65
Mauritania
environmental impact assessment law, 59
Mexico
climate vulnerability atlas, 149
Micronesia, Federated States of, 60
mitigation hierarchy, 138
multilateral development banks, 70
Natura 2000, 294,
new environmental governance, 154
New York City, Air Complaint Program, 114
New Zealand (Aotearoa), 99
non-use, as impact, 276
offsets, 149
carbon, 139
co-benefits, 140
conceptualization, importance of, 138
equivalence, 138
feasibility of, 139
Great Barrier Reef, 164
no net loss, 139
reversal, risks of, 138
spatial aspects, 140
unintended harms, 139
optimism, 11
outcomes-based regulation, 146
Panama, 61
Philippines, 91
plastics-related law
Vanuatu, 149
policy mixes, , 174
adaptive management, and, 171
Great Barrier Reef case study,
intervention, for, 7
South Tyrol case study, 274
pollution, 83
light, 111
limits, 64
marine, 38
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2
principle of shared responsibility, 120
prioritization
data collection, of, , 122
grants to communities, 158
interventions for multiple objectives, 200
problem framing, 76
proportionality, 158
quasi-government organizations, 190
reductionism,
redundancy, regulatory, 184
regulation
information, centrality of, 108
regulatory burden, , , , 185
regulatory congruence, 7
regulatory duplication, 184
regulatory excellence framework, 108
regulatory gaps, 45
regulatory integration, 7
risk aversion, 42
scale-crossing, and cumulative environmental problems, 327
Scotland, 2
short-termism, 39
silos
legal scholarship, 8
small impacts
barriers to accessing incentives, 163
environmental impact assessment, and, 62
exemptions, and, 160
general environmental duty, and, 161
monitoring, community involvement in, 112
perception of, 38
privacy, concerns about, 33
voluntary measures, and, 154
smart regulation, 154
solastalgia, 85
Solomon Islands, 61
South Africa, 59
Committee for Environmental Co-ordination, 197
cumulative impact analysis guidance, 117
National Environmental Management Authority, 203
water law, 164
South Korea
climate transition and law, 93
South Tyrol grasslands
autonomy statute, 282
conceptualization, 279
coordination
difficulties,
coordination for Natura 2000,
coordination mechanisms,
European Court of Justice, 305
Pilot process, 306
Standing Conference for the Relations between the State, the Regions and the Autonomous Provinces of Trento and Bolzano, 307
cumulative threats to,
EU law,
information, 279
international law,
intervention
difficulties,
multi-level governance, , 299
regulatory approach
carrots (for agriculture),
differences by level, 300
sermons (for agriculture), 296
sticks (for development),
regulatory coherence,
regulatory consistency,
Spain
water law, 149
stakeholders
state of the environment reports, 125
strategic environmental assessment
European Union, 293
generally,
Great Barrier Reef, 240
information, role in relation to, 107
Italy, 293
South Tyrol, Italy, 293
subsidiarity, 298
Taskforce on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures, 145
taxes, 143
threshold conditions, cumulative,
time, relevance of, 27
time
thresholds, and, 98
traditional ecological knowledge, 58
ubuntu, 58
Uganda
biodiversity law, 149
United Kingdom
conservation incentives, 149
environmental impact assessment law, 59
London ultra-low emissions zone, 2
oil and gas law, 126
United States, 59, See also Central Valley, California, USA
Arizona water law, 175
California
Bay Delta Authority, 196
land use planning law, 215,
pollution law, 213
water supply planning law, 214
implementation gaps (national law), 204
Minnesota, 93
Montana water law, 120
New Jersey environmental justice law, 164
New York City, Air Complaint Program, 114
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, 199
pollution (abandoned mines) law, 149
pollution (air) law, 169
pollution (water) law, 169
Utah water law, 164
wetlands law, 149
Yellowstone National Park, 196
water law, 64, 89
Andra Pradesh, India, 194
Arizona, USA, 175
Chile, 93
Malawi, 173
Nebraska USA, 89
Oregon, USA, 173
Queensland, Australia, 149
South Africa, 164
Spain, 149
Texas, USA, 194
Utah USA, 164
Washington state, USA, 202
water supply planning law
California, USA, 214
wetlands law
United States, 149
wildfire, 106
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