Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-9xpg2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-03T22:23:15.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2025

Shantel A. George
Shantel A. George
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The Yoruba Are on a Rock
Recaptured Africans and the Orisas of Grenada
 , pp. 347 - 378
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

References

Primary Sources

Aberdeen, Bishop Bridget. Interview with author. Grand Anse, St George, Grenada, 25 August 2023.Google Scholar
Alexander, Clemencia. Interview with author. Hillsborough, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Alexander, Faithina. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Andrew, Benedict. Interview with author. Munich, St Andrew, Grenada, 25 November 2009, 8 December 2009 and 16 March 2013.Google Scholar
Andrew, Bishop. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 July and 25 July 2014.Google Scholar
Ann, Mother. Interview with author. Gouyave, St John, Grenada, 18 November 2009.Google Scholar
Annie, Mother. Interview with Claude J. Douglas, August 2000. In Douglas, Claude J. When the Village Was an Extended Family in Grenada. St Andrew, Grenada: Maryzoon Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Antoine, Ms. Interview with author. Munich, St Andrew, Grenada, 13 June 2014.Google Scholar
Baptiste, Mr. Interview with author. Snug Corner, St George, Grenada, 19 April 2013.Google Scholar
Beatrice, Mother. Interview with author. Waltham, St Mark, Grenada, 22 March 2013.Google Scholar
Bedeau, Lenny. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Ceasar, Joseph. Interview with author. Hillsborough, Carriacou, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
De Couteau, Elias. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 21 June 2014.Google Scholar
Edwards, Bishop Ian. Interview with author. Tivoli, St Andrew, Grenada, 2 September 2023.Google Scholar
Edwards, Mr. Interview with author. Harford Village, St Andrew, Grenada, 1 May 2013.Google Scholar
Elias, Mother. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 July 2014.Google Scholar
Elutha, Ms. Interview with author. Concord, St John, Grenada, 28 May 2014.Google Scholar
Felix, Mark. Interview with author. Munich, St Andrew, Grenada, 25 November 2009.Google Scholar
Fleary, Winston. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 23 June 2014.Google Scholar
Floan, Mother. Interview with author. Mount Craven, St Patrick, Grenada, 17 July 2014.Google Scholar
George, Ruffin. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Ifatokie, Universal Empress Iya. Interview with author. Corinth, St David, Grenada, 29 August 2023.Google Scholar
Little, Ms. Interview with author. Rose Hill, St Patrick, 1 November 2009.Google Scholar
Lizzy, Ms. Interview with author. River Sallee, St Patrick, 1 January 2010.Google Scholar
Marilyn, Ms. Interview with author. Concord, St John, Grenada, 1 June 2013.Google Scholar
McLeod, Ms. Interview with author. Harvey Vale, Carriacou, Grenada, 23 June 2014.Google Scholar
McQueen, Christine. Interview with author. Levera, St Patrick, Grenada, 25 April 2013.Google Scholar
Medalin, Mother. Interview with author. Plains, St Patrick, Grenada, 20 November 2009.Google Scholar
Noel, Bishop John. Interview with author. Hanwell, London, UK, 7 October 2013.Google Scholar
Oyesanya, Fakunle. Interview with author. Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, 26 August 2010.Google Scholar
Payne-Banfield, Gloria. Interview with author. St George’s, St George, Grenada, 29 July 2014.Google Scholar
Peters, Bishop. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 3 and 4 June 2013 and 2 September 2023.Google Scholar
Peters, Mary. Interview with author. St George’s, St George, 11 November 2009 and 13 June 2013.Google Scholar
Romain, Carl. Interview with Gemma Romain. London, UK, 10 and 12 July 2015.Google Scholar
Rutie, Ms. Interview with author. La Poterie, St Andrew, Grenada, 1 November 2009.Google Scholar
Stafford, Keron. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 July 2014.Google Scholar
Thomas, Bobby. Interview with author. Belair, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 April 2013.Google Scholar
Williams, Alexandris. Interview with author. Concord, St John, Grenada, 28 May 2013.Google Scholar
Hill, Donald. Email correspondence with author, 1 December 2013.Google Scholar
Roberts, Denise. Email correspondence with author, 13 December 2014.Google Scholar
Thomas, Lennox. Email correspondence with author, 22 April 2013 and 10 December 2015.Google Scholar
African Origins Database. www.slavevoyages.org/past/database/african-origins.Google Scholar
Alan Lomax Collection at The American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. www.culturalequity.org.Google Scholar
‘Ancestral Connections.’ MTV News Grenada. www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2092711820903977.Google Scholar
‘Biography of His Excellency Dr John Noel.’ https://childrenofthelightgrenada.wordpress.com/about/biography-of-the-founder.Google Scholar
Blain, Keisha N. ‘On Louise Little, the Mother of Malcolm X: An Interview with Erik S. McDuffie.’ Black Perspectives, 19 February 2017. https://tinyurl.com/5emmzw9p.Google Scholar
‘Call for Papers.’ Archipelagic Memory. https://archipelagicmemory.wordpress.com/call-for-papers.Google Scholar
Campbell, Curlan. ‘3 Days of Fasting and Prayer to Precede the IFA Festival.’ Now Grenada. https://tinyurl.com/44h9pn8e.Google Scholar
Campbell, Curlan. ‘Ifa African Spiritual System Takes Root in Grenada.’ https://tinyurl.com/2ndp7etc.Google Scholar
Campbell, Curlan. ‘New Egungun Initiated at Grenada Ifa Festival.’ Now Grenada. www.nowgrenada.com/2023/08/new-egungun-initiated-at-grenada-ifa-festival.Google Scholar
‘Caribbean History Revealed.’ The National Archives. https://tinyurl.com/4ha9y3y4.Google Scholar
Chamerovzow, L. A. ‘Slave-Trade and Immigration.’ Wilson Anti-Slavery Collection (1859). www.jstor.org/stable/60238732.Google Scholar
CIA World Fact Book, Trinidad and Tobago. www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/factsheets.Google Scholar
CIA World Fact Book, Grenada. www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/trinidad-and-tobago/factsheets.Google Scholar
‘Creating the Kirk.’ Presbyterian Church, Grenada. www.presbyterianchurchgrenada.com/history.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., Richardson, David, and Klein, Herbert S., eds. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, Richardson, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., and Florentino, Manolo. Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: An Expanded and Online Database, 2009. www.slavevoyages.org/voyages.Google Scholar
Felmine, Kevon. ‘Baptists Plan Village to Honour Butler.’ Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, 23 March 2012. www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.418729.2ac153ef65.Google Scholar
Franklyn, David Omowale. ‘The Experience of the Slave Trade and Slavery: Slave Narratives and the Oral History of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, Part II’, 2007. Big Drum Nation. https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022303/http://www.bigdrumnation.org/comments/slavetrade2.html.Google Scholar
‘Gairy: I had No “Bad” Books.’ Grenada Newsletter, 18 May 1985. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00000053/00303/7.Google Scholar
Grenada Documents: An Overview and Selection. Washington, DC: US G. P. O., 1984. www.latinamericanstudies.org/grenada/Grenada-Documents.pdf.Google Scholar
‘Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels and Some of Their Movements.’ https://web.archive.org/web/20170810154421/www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/U/05005.html.Google Scholar
Laws of Grenada. https://laws.gov.gd.Google Scholar
Legacies of British Slave-Ownership Database. www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs.Google Scholar
Low Chew Tung, Suelin. ‘ShortKnee: Descendant of a Lost Tribe’, 16 July 2012. http://artstung.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/shortknee-descendant-of-lost-tribe.html.Google Scholar
‘Malcolm X Family Story in Grenada from His Cousin, Terance Wilson.’ Facebook, https://fb.watch/m-i2njHYx4/?mibextid=2Rb1fB.Google Scholar
‘Malcolm X Cousin in Grenada Speaks about His Family History.’ YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8zJ28yS578.Google Scholar
‘Map of the Lesser Antilles.’ New York Public Library Digital Collections. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dd-e6a1-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.Google Scholar
Obeah Histories: Researching Persecution for Religious Practice in the Caribbean. http://obeahhistories.org.Google Scholar
‘Obituary of Catherine Vincent.’ Grenada Connection. https://tinyurl.com/24umrfrp.Google Scholar
Paterson, J. comp. Grenada. Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1901. St George, Grenada: Government Printing Office, 1902. https://archive.org/details/cu31924032177101.Google Scholar
‘Preliminary 2021 Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique National Housing and Population Census Results’. Central Statistical Office Grenada. https://stats.gov.gd/census.Google Scholar
‘Preserving Patois: Students and Teachers to attend Cultural Workshop.’ Government of Grenada. https://nowgrenada.com/2014/07/preserving-patois-cultural-workshop.Google Scholar
Schuler, Monica. ‘Liberated Central Africans in Nineteenth Century Guyana.’ Paper presented at the Harriet Tubman Seminar, York University, 24 January 2000. http://tubman.info.yorku.ca/files/2013/07/schuler_2000.pdf.Google Scholar
‘Spiritual Baptist Liberation Day.’ National Library and Information System Authority. www.nalis.gov.tt/resources/tt-content-guide/baptist-liberation-day.Google Scholar
Taylor, Caldwell. ‘King Man Ajamu Cyber-side Chats with Big Drum Nation.’ Big Drum Nation, 16 February 2015. https://tinyurl.com/yxsvvn5x.Google Scholar
Treaster, Joseph. ‘If ‘Uncle Gairy’ Wins, Uncle Sam Won’t Be Too Pleased.’ The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 October 1988. http://archives.smh.com.au.Google Scholar
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Lex, Grenada Laws. www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gd/gd011en.pdf.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Aberdeen, Bishop Bridget. Interview with author. Grand Anse, St George, Grenada, 25 August 2023.Google Scholar
Alexander, Clemencia. Interview with author. Hillsborough, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Alexander, Faithina. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Andrew, Benedict. Interview with author. Munich, St Andrew, Grenada, 25 November 2009, 8 December 2009 and 16 March 2013.Google Scholar
Andrew, Bishop. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 July and 25 July 2014.Google Scholar
Ann, Mother. Interview with author. Gouyave, St John, Grenada, 18 November 2009.Google Scholar
Annie, Mother. Interview with Claude J. Douglas, August 2000. In Douglas, Claude J. When the Village Was an Extended Family in Grenada. St Andrew, Grenada: Maryzoon Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Antoine, Ms. Interview with author. Munich, St Andrew, Grenada, 13 June 2014.Google Scholar
Baptiste, Mr. Interview with author. Snug Corner, St George, Grenada, 19 April 2013.Google Scholar
Beatrice, Mother. Interview with author. Waltham, St Mark, Grenada, 22 March 2013.Google Scholar
Bedeau, Lenny. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Ceasar, Joseph. Interview with author. Hillsborough, Carriacou, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
De Couteau, Elias. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 21 June 2014.Google Scholar
Edwards, Bishop Ian. Interview with author. Tivoli, St Andrew, Grenada, 2 September 2023.Google Scholar
Edwards, Mr. Interview with author. Harford Village, St Andrew, Grenada, 1 May 2013.Google Scholar
Elias, Mother. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 July 2014.Google Scholar
Elutha, Ms. Interview with author. Concord, St John, Grenada, 28 May 2014.Google Scholar
Felix, Mark. Interview with author. Munich, St Andrew, Grenada, 25 November 2009.Google Scholar
Fleary, Winston. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 23 June 2014.Google Scholar
Floan, Mother. Interview with author. Mount Craven, St Patrick, Grenada, 17 July 2014.Google Scholar
George, Ruffin. Interview with author. Belmont, Carriacou, Grenada, 24 June 2014.Google Scholar
Ifatokie, Universal Empress Iya. Interview with author. Corinth, St David, Grenada, 29 August 2023.Google Scholar
Little, Ms. Interview with author. Rose Hill, St Patrick, 1 November 2009.Google Scholar
Lizzy, Ms. Interview with author. River Sallee, St Patrick, 1 January 2010.Google Scholar
Marilyn, Ms. Interview with author. Concord, St John, Grenada, 1 June 2013.Google Scholar
McLeod, Ms. Interview with author. Harvey Vale, Carriacou, Grenada, 23 June 2014.Google Scholar
McQueen, Christine. Interview with author. Levera, St Patrick, Grenada, 25 April 2013.Google Scholar
Medalin, Mother. Interview with author. Plains, St Patrick, Grenada, 20 November 2009.Google Scholar
Noel, Bishop John. Interview with author. Hanwell, London, UK, 7 October 2013.Google Scholar
Oyesanya, Fakunle. Interview with author. Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, 26 August 2010.Google Scholar
Payne-Banfield, Gloria. Interview with author. St George’s, St George, Grenada, 29 July 2014.Google Scholar
Peters, Bishop. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 3 and 4 June 2013 and 2 September 2023.Google Scholar
Peters, Mary. Interview with author. St George’s, St George, 11 November 2009 and 13 June 2013.Google Scholar
Romain, Carl. Interview with Gemma Romain. London, UK, 10 and 12 July 2015.Google Scholar
Rutie, Ms. Interview with author. La Poterie, St Andrew, Grenada, 1 November 2009.Google Scholar
Stafford, Keron. Interview with author. Moyah, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 July 2014.Google Scholar
Thomas, Bobby. Interview with author. Belair, St Andrew, Grenada, 23 April 2013.Google Scholar
Williams, Alexandris. Interview with author. Concord, St John, Grenada, 28 May 2013.Google Scholar
Hill, Donald. Email correspondence with author, 1 December 2013.Google Scholar
Roberts, Denise. Email correspondence with author, 13 December 2014.Google Scholar
Thomas, Lennox. Email correspondence with author, 22 April 2013 and 10 December 2015.Google Scholar
African Origins Database. www.slavevoyages.org/past/database/african-origins.Google Scholar
Alan Lomax Collection at The American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. www.culturalequity.org.Google Scholar
‘Ancestral Connections.’ MTV News Grenada. www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2092711820903977.Google Scholar
‘Biography of His Excellency Dr John Noel.’ https://childrenofthelightgrenada.wordpress.com/about/biography-of-the-founder.Google Scholar
Blain, Keisha N. ‘On Louise Little, the Mother of Malcolm X: An Interview with Erik S. McDuffie.’ Black Perspectives, 19 February 2017. https://tinyurl.com/5emmzw9p.Google Scholar
‘Call for Papers.’ Archipelagic Memory. https://archipelagicmemory.wordpress.com/call-for-papers.Google Scholar
Campbell, Curlan. ‘3 Days of Fasting and Prayer to Precede the IFA Festival.’ Now Grenada. https://tinyurl.com/44h9pn8e.Google Scholar
Campbell, Curlan. ‘Ifa African Spiritual System Takes Root in Grenada.’ https://tinyurl.com/2ndp7etc.Google Scholar
Campbell, Curlan. ‘New Egungun Initiated at Grenada Ifa Festival.’ Now Grenada. www.nowgrenada.com/2023/08/new-egungun-initiated-at-grenada-ifa-festival.Google Scholar
‘Caribbean History Revealed.’ The National Archives. https://tinyurl.com/4ha9y3y4.Google Scholar
Chamerovzow, L. A. ‘Slave-Trade and Immigration.’ Wilson Anti-Slavery Collection (1859). www.jstor.org/stable/60238732.Google Scholar
CIA World Fact Book, Trinidad and Tobago. www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/factsheets.Google Scholar
CIA World Fact Book, Grenada. www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/trinidad-and-tobago/factsheets.Google Scholar
‘Creating the Kirk.’ Presbyterian Church, Grenada. www.presbyterianchurchgrenada.com/history.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., Richardson, David, and Klein, Herbert S., eds. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, Richardson, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., and Florentino, Manolo. Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: An Expanded and Online Database, 2009. www.slavevoyages.org/voyages.Google Scholar
Felmine, Kevon. ‘Baptists Plan Village to Honour Butler.’ Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, 23 March 2012. www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.418729.2ac153ef65.Google Scholar
Franklyn, David Omowale. ‘The Experience of the Slave Trade and Slavery: Slave Narratives and the Oral History of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, Part II’, 2007. Big Drum Nation. https://web.archive.org/web/20200204022303/http://www.bigdrumnation.org/comments/slavetrade2.html.Google Scholar
‘Gairy: I had No “Bad” Books.’ Grenada Newsletter, 18 May 1985. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00000053/00303/7.Google Scholar
Grenada Documents: An Overview and Selection. Washington, DC: US G. P. O., 1984. www.latinamericanstudies.org/grenada/Grenada-Documents.pdf.Google Scholar
‘Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels and Some of Their Movements.’ https://web.archive.org/web/20170810154421/www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/U/05005.html.Google Scholar
Laws of Grenada. https://laws.gov.gd.Google Scholar
Legacies of British Slave-Ownership Database. www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs.Google Scholar
Low Chew Tung, Suelin. ‘ShortKnee: Descendant of a Lost Tribe’, 16 July 2012. http://artstung.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/shortknee-descendant-of-lost-tribe.html.Google Scholar
‘Malcolm X Family Story in Grenada from His Cousin, Terance Wilson.’ Facebook, https://fb.watch/m-i2njHYx4/?mibextid=2Rb1fB.Google Scholar
‘Malcolm X Cousin in Grenada Speaks about His Family History.’ YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8zJ28yS578.Google Scholar
‘Map of the Lesser Antilles.’ New York Public Library Digital Collections. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dd-e6a1-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.Google Scholar
Obeah Histories: Researching Persecution for Religious Practice in the Caribbean. http://obeahhistories.org.Google Scholar
‘Obituary of Catherine Vincent.’ Grenada Connection. https://tinyurl.com/24umrfrp.Google Scholar
Paterson, J. comp. Grenada. Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1901. St George, Grenada: Government Printing Office, 1902. https://archive.org/details/cu31924032177101.Google Scholar
‘Preliminary 2021 Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique National Housing and Population Census Results’. Central Statistical Office Grenada. https://stats.gov.gd/census.Google Scholar
‘Preserving Patois: Students and Teachers to attend Cultural Workshop.’ Government of Grenada. https://nowgrenada.com/2014/07/preserving-patois-cultural-workshop.Google Scholar
Schuler, Monica. ‘Liberated Central Africans in Nineteenth Century Guyana.’ Paper presented at the Harriet Tubman Seminar, York University, 24 January 2000. http://tubman.info.yorku.ca/files/2013/07/schuler_2000.pdf.Google Scholar
‘Spiritual Baptist Liberation Day.’ National Library and Information System Authority. www.nalis.gov.tt/resources/tt-content-guide/baptist-liberation-day.Google Scholar
Taylor, Caldwell. ‘King Man Ajamu Cyber-side Chats with Big Drum Nation.’ Big Drum Nation, 16 February 2015. https://tinyurl.com/yxsvvn5x.Google Scholar
Treaster, Joseph. ‘If ‘Uncle Gairy’ Wins, Uncle Sam Won’t Be Too Pleased.’ The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 October 1988. http://archives.smh.com.au.Google Scholar
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), WIPO Lex, Grenada Laws. www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/gd/gd011en.pdf.Google Scholar
Church Missionary Society. The Church Missionary Gleaner. London: Seeleys, 1850.Google Scholar
Bell, Hesketh J. Obeah: Witchcraft in the West Indies. Westport: Negro Universities Press, 1970 [1889].Google Scholar
Buxton, Thomas. The African Slave Trade and Its Remedy. London: Cass, 1967 [1840].Google Scholar
Clarke, Robert. Sierra Leone: A Description of the Manners and Customs of the Liberated Africans with Observations upon the Natural History of the Colony and a Notice of the Native Tribes. London: James Ridgway, 1969 [1843].Google Scholar
Coke, Charles Anthony, comp. Census of the British Empire: Compiled from Official Returns for the Year 1861. With Its Colonies and Foreign Possessions. London: Harrison, 1864.Google Scholar
Cugoano, Quobna Ottobah. Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. New York: Penguin Books, 1999 [1787].Google Scholar
Devas, Raymund. Conception Island or The Troubled Story of the Catholic Church in Grenada B.W.I. London: Sands & Co., 1932.Google Scholar
Drayton, Edward, comp. The Grenada Handbook, Directory and Almanac for the year 1897. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1897.Google Scholar
Ellis, Alfred B. The History of the First West India Regiment. London: Chapman & Hall, 1885.Google Scholar
Ellis, Alfred B. The Yoruba-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Language, etc. London: Chapman & Hall, 1894.Google Scholar
Fraser, Lionel Mordaunt. History of Trinidad (Second Period) from 1814 to 1839. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad: Government Printing Office, 1896.Google Scholar
Freeling, Sanford, comp. The Laws of Grenada, and the Grenadines: From the Year 1766 to the Year 1875. London: George Phipps, 1875.Google Scholar
Holman, James. Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Cape Coast, Fernando Po, Princess Island, etc. London: George Routledge, 1840.Google Scholar
Joseph, Edward Lanza. History of Trinidad. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1970 [1838].Google Scholar
Koelle, Sigismund W. Polyglotta Africana; or A Comparative Vocabulary of Nearly Three Hundred Words and Phrases, in More Than One Hundred Distinct African Languages. London: Church Missionary House, 1854.Google Scholar
McMahon, Francis. A Narrative of the Insurrection in the Island of Grenada, in the year 1795. Grenada: John Spahn, 1823.Google Scholar
Neish, James. On a New Beverage Substance: The Kola Nut, a Product of Jamaica. Kingston, Jamaica: DeCordova & Co., 1887.10.5962/bhl.title.4384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, Daniel. A Topographical Description of the Island of Grenada: Surveyed by Monsieur Pinel in 1763, by Order of Government. London: Printed for W. Fade, 1980.Google Scholar
Shrewsbury, John V. B. Memorials of the Rev William J. Shrewsbury. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1868.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael Garfield. Dark Puritan: The Life and Work of Norman Paul. Kingston, Jamaica: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of the West Indies Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Snagg, William, ed. The Laws of Grenada and the Grenadines; from the Year 1766, to the Year 1852: With a Table of Acts and a Tabular and General Index. Grenada: D. J. Davison, 1852.Google Scholar
Underhill, Edward B. The West Indies: Their Social and Religious Condition. London: Jackson, Walford, and Hodder, 1862.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lynn. Oral History Theory. 2nd ed. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.Google Scholar
Adamu, Mahdi. ‘Delivery of Slaves from Central Sudan to the Bight of Benin.’ In The Uncommon Market: Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, edited by Gemery, Henry A. and Hogendorn, Jan S.. New York: Academic Press, 1979, 163–80.Google Scholar
Adderley, Rosanne. ‘Interpreting Repatriation Projects among Free African Communities in the 19th-century Caribbean.’ In Regards sur l’histoire de La Caraïbe: Des Guyanes aux Grandes Antilles, edited by Mam-Lam-Fouck, Serge, Gonzalez Mendoza, Juan, Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques, Zonzon, Jacqueline, and Alexandre, Rodolphe. Cayenne, Guadeloupe: Ibis Rouge, 2001, 403–19.Google Scholar
Adderley, Rosanne. ‘New Negroes from Africa’: Slave Trade, Abolition and Free African Settlement in the Nineteenth Century Caribbean. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006.10.2979/2469.0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agwuele, Augustine. The Symbolism and Communicative Contents of Dreadlocks in Yorubaland. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.10.1007/978-3-319-30186-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aiyejina, Funso, Gibbons, Rawle, and Sam Phills, Baba. ‘Context and Meaning in Trinidad Yoruba Songs: Peter Was a Fisherman and Songs of the Orisha Palais.’ Research in African Literatures 40, no. 1 (2009): 127–36.10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajuwon, Bade. ‘Ogun’s Iremoje: A Philosophy of Living and Dying.’ In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Barnes, Sandra. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, 173–98.Google Scholar
Akinyemi, Akintunde. ‘The Place of Sango in the Yoruba Pantheon.’ In Sango in Africa and the African Diaspora, edited by Tishken, Josh E., Falola, Toyin, and Akinyemi, Akintunde. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009, 23–43.Google Scholar
Akpabot, Samuel. ‘The Talking Drums of Nigeria.’ African Music 5, no. 4 (1975/76): 36–40.10.21504/amj.v5i4.1616CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alagoa, E. J. The Small Brave City-State: A History of Nembe-Brass in the Niger Delta. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Alagoa, E. J . ‘The Slave Trade in Niger Delta Oral Tradition and History.’ In Africans in Bondage: Studies in Slavery and the Slave Trade, edited by Lovejoy, Paul. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986, 127–35.Google Scholar
Alfani, Guido, and Gourdon, Vincent, eds. Spiritual Kinship in Europe, 1500–1900. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.10.1057/9780230362703CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allsopp, Richard, ed. Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Anderson, Richard. ‘The Diaspora of Sierra Leone’s Liberated Africans: Enlistment, Forced Migration, and “Liberation” at Freetown, 1808–1863.’ African Economic History 41 (2013): 101–38.10.3368/aeh.41.1.101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Richard. Abolition in Sierra Leone: Re-Building Lives and Identities in Nineteenth-Century West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.10.1017/9781108562423CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Richard, Borucki, Alex, da Silva, Daniel Domingues, Eltis, David, Lachance, Paul, Misevich, Philip, and Ojo, Olatunji. ‘Using African Names to Identify the Origins of Captives in the Transatlantic Slave Trade: Crowd-Sourcing and the Registers of Liberated Africans, 1808–1862.’ History in Africa 40, no. 1 (2013): 165–91.10.1017/hia.2013.3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Apter, Andrew. ‘Herskovits’s Heritage: Rethinking Syncretism in the African Diaspora.’ Diaspora 1, no. 3 (1991): 235–60.Google Scholar
Apter, Andrew. Black Critics and Kings: The Hermeneutics of Power in Yoruba Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Armitage, David. ‘The Atlantic Ocean.’ In Oceanic Histories, edited by Armitage, David, Bashford, Alison, and Sivasundaram, Sujit. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, 85–110.10.1017/9781108399722.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashie-Nikoi, Edwina. ‘Beating the Pen on the Drum: A Socio-Cultural History of Carriacou, Grenada, 1750–1920.’ PhD diss., New York University, 2007.Google Scholar
Asiegbu, Johnson. Slavery and the Politics of Liberation, 1787 to 1861: A Study of Liberated African Emigration and British Anti-Slavery Policy. London: Longman, 1969.Google Scholar
August, Thomas. ‘Rebels with a Cause: The St Joseph Mutiny of 1837.’ Slavery & Abolition 12, no. 2 (1991): 73–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Awolalu, J. Omosade. Yoruba Beliefs and Sacrificial Rites. London: Longman, 1979.Google Scholar
Bahadur, Gaiutra. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. London: Hurst & Company, 2013.10.7208/chicago/9780226043388.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Sandra, ed. Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Barnes, Sandra. ‘Many Faces of Ogun: Introduction to the First Edition.’ In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Barnes, Sandra. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, 1–26.Google Scholar
Barnes, Sandra, and Ben-Amos, Paula Girshick. ‘Ogun, the Empire Builder.’ In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Barnes, Sandra. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, 39–64.Google Scholar
Bascom, William. Ifa Divination: Communication between Gods and Men in West Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Bascom, William. Shango in the New World. Austin: African and Afro-American Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1972.Google Scholar
Bazinet, Ryan J. ‘When Field Recordings Meet Field Research: Examining Change in the Shango Drumming of Postwar Trinidad.’ Ethnomusicology 61, no. 2 (2017): 287–311.10.5406/ethnomusicology.61.2.0287CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beachey, Raymond Wendell. The British West Indies Sugar Industry in the Late 19th Century. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1957.Google Scholar
Bethell, Leslie. ‘Britain, Portugal, and the Suppression of the Brazilian Slave Trade: The Origins of Lord Palmerston’s Act of 1839.’ English Historical Review 80, no. 317 (1965): 761–84.Google Scholar
Bethell, Leslie. The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade: Britain, Brazil and the Slave Trade Question. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.10.1017/CBO9780511759734CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilby, Kenneth, and Bunseki, Fu-Kiau kia. ‘Kumina: A Kongo-based Tradition in the New World.’ Les Cahiers du CEDAF 8, no. 4 (1983): 1–114.Google Scholar
Bilby, Kenneth, and Handler, Jerome. ‘Notes and Documents – On the Early Use and Origin of the Term “Obeah” in Barbados and the Anglophone Caribbean.’ Slavery & Abolition 22, no. 2 (2001): 87–100.Google Scholar
Bilby, Kenneth, and Handler, Jerome. ‘Obeah: Healing and Protection in West Indian Slave Life.’ Journal of Caribbean History 38, no. 2 (2004): 153–83.Google Scholar
Bilby, Kenneth, and Handler, Jerome. Enacting Power: The Criminalization of Obeah in the Anglophone Caribbean, 1760–2011. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Biobaku, Saburi O. The Egba and Their Neighbours, 1842–1872. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Blackburn, Robin. The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery: 1776–1848. London: Verso, 1988.Google Scholar
Boa, Sheena. ‘Colour, Class and Gender in Post-Emancipation St Vincent, 1834–1884.’ PhD diss., University of Warwick, 1998.Google Scholar
Boaz, Danielle N. Banning Black Gods: Law and Religions of the African Diaspora. University Park: Penn State University Press, 2021.Google Scholar
Bogues, Anthony. ‘Writing Caribbean Intellectual History.’ Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 26 (2008): 168–78.10.1215/-12-2-168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolland, Nigel O. ‘Systems of Domination after Slavery: The Control of Land and Labour in the British West Indies after 1838.’ Comparative Studies in Society and History 23, no. 4 (1981): 591–619.10.1017/S0010417500013578CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolland, Nigel O. ‘The Politics of Freedom in the British Caribbean.’ In The Meaning of Freedom: Economics, Politics, and Culture after Slavery, edited by McGlynn, Frank and Drescher, Seymour. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, 1992, 113–46.Google Scholar
Bolland, Nigel O. ‘Creolisation and Creole Societies: A Cultural Nationalist View of Caribbean Social History.’ Caribbean Quarterly 44, no. 1/2 (1998): 1–32.10.1080/00086495.1998.11829568CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brathwaite, Kamau. The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica, 1770–1820. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Brathwaite, Kamau. Contradictory Omens: Cultural Diversity and Integration in the Caribbean. Mona, Jamaica: Savacou, 1974.Google Scholar
Brereton, Bridget. ‘Family Strategies, Gender, and the Shift to Wage Labor in the British Caribbean.’ In Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World, edited by Paton, Diana and Scully, Pamela. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005, 143–61.Google Scholar
Brizan, George. Grenada, Island of Conflict: From Amerindians to People’s Revolution, 1498–1979. London: Zed Books, 1984.Google Scholar
Brooks, George E. The Kru Mariner in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Compendium. Newark: Liberian Studies Association, 1972.Google Scholar
Brown, Vincent. The Reaper’s Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Brown, Vincent. ‘Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery.’ American Historical Review 114, no. 5 (2009): 1231–49.10.1086/ahr.114.5.1231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Vincent. Tacky’s Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020.10.2307/j.ctv2d8qwr4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, Randy. Surviving Slavery in the British Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.10.9783/9780812294279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burroughs, Roberts, and Richard, Huzzey, eds. The Suppression of the Atlantic Slave Trade: British Policies, Practices and Representations of Naval Coercion. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015.10.7228/manchester/9780719085116.003.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candlin, Kit. ‘The Role of the Enslaved in the “Fédon Rebellion” of 1795.’ Slavery & Abolition 39 (2018): 685–707.10.1080/0144039X.2018.1464623CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capone, Stefania. Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010.10.2307/j.ctv11g96fdCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carew, Jan. ‘The Caribbean Writer and Exile.’ Journal of Black Studies 8, no. 4 (1978): 453–75.10.1177/002193477800800404CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carew, Jan. Ghosts in Our Blood: With Malcolm X in Africa, England, and the Caribbean. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1994.Google Scholar
Carew, Jan. ‘Malcolm X’s Mother in Montreal: A Pioneering Educator.’ In Re/visioning: Canadian Perspectives on the Education of Africans in the Late Twentieth Century, edited by D’Oyley, Vincent and James, Carl. Ontario: Captus Press, 1998, 18–24.Google Scholar
Carney, Judith. ‘African Plants in the Columbian Exchange.’ Journal of African History 42, no. 3 (2001): 377–96.10.1017/S0021853701007940CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, Andrew. ‘A Rada Community in Trinidad.’ Caribbean Quarterly 3, no. 1 (1953): 36–54.10.1080/00086495.1953.11829512CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, Marina, and Bates, Crispin, ‘Empire and Locality: A Global Dimension to the 1857 Indian Uprising.’ Journal of Global History 5, no. 1 (2010): 51–73.10.1017/S1740022809990337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castor, N. Fadeke. ‘Shifting Multicultural Citizenship: Trinidad Orisha Opens the Road.’ Cultural Anthropology 28, no. 3 (2013): 475–89.10.1111/cuan.12015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, Douglas. ‘“My Own Nation”: Igbo Exiles in the Diaspora.’ Slavery & Abolition 18, no. 1 (1997): 72–97.10.1080/01440399708575204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childs, Matt D., and Falola, Toyin. ‘The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World: Methodology and Research.’ In The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World, edited by Falola, Toyin and Childs, Matt D.. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004, 1–14.Google Scholar
Clarence-Smith, William. ‘Cocoa.’ In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History, edited by Mokyr, Joel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 461–2.Google Scholar
Cohen, Peter F. ‘Orisha Journeys: The Role of Travel in the Birth of Yorùbá-Atlantic Religions.’ Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions 117 (2002): 17–36.10.4000/assr.2474CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Robin. Global Diasporas: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 1997.10.4324/9780203228920CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Merle. ‘From Africa to the Caribbean: Saracca and Nation in Grenada and Carriacou.’ In The African Presence and Influence on the Cultures of the Americas, edited by Greene, Brenda M.. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2010, 143–55.Google Scholar
Collins, Merle. ‘Louise Langdon Norton Little, Mother of Malcolm X.’ Caribbean Quarterly 66, no. 3 (2020): 346–69.10.1080/00086495.2020.1802868CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connolly, Jonathan. ‘Indenture as Compensation: State Financing for Indentured Labor Migration in the Era of Emancipation.’ Slavery & Abolition 40, no. 3 (2019): 448–71.10.1080/0144039X.2019.1573518CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Edward L. Free Coloreds in the Slave Societies of St Kitts and Grenada, 1763–1833. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Cox, Edward L. ‘Religious Intolerance and Persecution: The Case of the Shakers in St Vincent, 1900–1934.’ Paper presented at the 18th Annual Conference of the Caribbean Studies Association, 24–29 May 1993.Google Scholar
Cox, Edward L. ‘From Slavery to Freedom: Emancipation and Apprenticeship in Grenada and St Vincent, 1834–1838.’ In Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in Diaspora, edited by Hine, Darlene Clark and McLeod, Jacqueline. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999, 367–90.Google Scholar
Cox, Edward L. ‘Indentured African Laborers to Grenada and St Vincent, 1836–1863.’ In Regards sur l’histoire de La Caraïbe: Des Guyanes aux Grandes Antilles, edited by Mam-Lam-Fouck, Serge, Gonzalez Mendoza, Juan, Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques, Zonzon, Jacqueline, and Alexandre. Cayenne, Rodolphe, Guadeloupe: Ibis Rouge, 2001, 421–36.Google Scholar
Craven, Paul, and Hay, Douglas. ‘The Criminalization of ‘Free’ Labour: Master, Servant in Comparative Perspective.’ In Unfree Labour in the Development of the Atlantic World, edited by Lovejoy, Paul and Rogers, Nicholas. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1994, 71–101.Google Scholar
Crosson, J. Brent. Experiments with Power: Obeah and the Remaking of Religion in Trinidad. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.10.7208/chicago/9780226705514.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtin, Philip D. ‘The British Sugar Duties and West Indian Prosperity.’ The Journal of Economic History 14, no. 2 (1954): 157–64.10.1017/S002205070006544XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtin, Philip D. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Curtin, Philip D., and Vansina, Jan. ‘Sources of the Nineteenth Century Atlantic Slave Trade.’ Journal of African History 5, no. 2 (1964): 185–208.10.1017/S0021853700004801CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dabydeen, David, and Samaroo, Brinsley, eds. Across the Dark Waters: Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean. London: Macmillan, 1996.Google Scholar
David, Christine. Folklore of Carriacou. Bridgetown, Barbados: Coles Printery, 1985.Google Scholar
David, Christine. Folk Traditions of Carriacou and Petite Martinique. Port of Spain, Trinidad: Horsham’s Print, 2004.Google Scholar
Dawson, Kevin. ‘Enslaved Swimmers and Divers in the Atlantic World.’ Journal of American History 92, no. 4 (2006): 1327–55.10.2307/4485894CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dayan, Colin. Haiti, History and the Gods. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.Google Scholar
DeLoughrey, Elizabeth M. Routes and Roots: Navigating Caribbean and Pacific Island Literatures. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Desmangles, Leslie. Faces of the Gods: Vodou and Roman Catholicism in Haiti. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Desmangles, Leslie. ‘African Interpretations of the Christian Vodou Cross.’ In Vodou in Haitian Life and Culture: Invisible Powers, edited by Smith, Claudine and Bellegarde-Smith, Patrick. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, 39–50.10.1057/9780312376208_3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diouf, Sylviane. ‘African Muslims in Bondage: Realities, Memories and Legacies.’ In Monuments of the Black Atlantic: Slavery and Memory, edited by Braxton, Joanne M. and Diedrich, Maria I.. Munster, Germany: LIT Verlag, 2004, 77–89.Google Scholar
Diouf, Sylviane. Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilda and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.10.1093/oso/9780195311044.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domingues da Silva, Daniel B. The Atlantic Slave Trade from West Central Africa, 1780–1867. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.10.1017/9781316771501CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domingues da Silva, Daniel B., Eltis, David, Misevich, Philip, and Ojo, Olatunji. ‘The Diaspora of Africans Liberated from Slave Ships in the Nineteenth Century.’ Journal of African History 55, no. 3 (2014): 347–69.10.1017/S0021853714000371CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, Claude J. When the Village Was an Extended Family in Grenada. St Andrew, Grenada: Maryzoon Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Draper, Nicholas. The Price of Emancipation: Slave-Ownership, Compensation and British Society at the End of Slavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Drewel, Henry John. ‘Art or Accident: Yoruba Body Artists and Their Deity Ogun.’ In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Barnes, Sandra. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, 235–60.Google Scholar
Drewel, Henry John, ed. Sacred Waters: Arts for Mami Wata and Other Divinities in Africa and the Diaspora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Dyde, Brian. Empty Sleeve: The Story of the West India Regiments of the British Army. St John’s, Antigua: Hansib, 1997.Google Scholar
Eades, Jeremy Seymour. The Yoruba Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Elder, Jacob Delworth. ‘Nation Dance in 1953.’ In The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A – L; Volume 2: M – Z, edited by Case, Frederick I. and Taylor, Patrick. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2013, 630–2.Google Scholar
Elkins, W. F. ‘William Lauron DeLaurence and Jamaican Folk Religion.’ Folkore 97, no. 2 (1986): 215–8.Google Scholar
Eltis, David. ‘Mortality and Voyage Length in the Middle Passage: New Evidence from the Nineteenth Century.’ Journal of Economic History 44, no. 2 (1984): 301–8.10.1017/S0022050700031909CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eltis, David. ‘The Diaspora of Yoruba Speakers, 1650–1865: Dimensions and Implications.’ In The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World, edited by Falola, Toyin and Childs, Matt D.. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004, 17–39.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, and Engerman, Stanley L.. ‘Was the Slave Trade Dominated by Men?’ The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 23, no. 2 (1992): 237–57.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, and Engerman, Stanley L.. ‘Fluctuations in Sex and Age Ratios in the Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1663–1864.’ The Economic History Review 46, no. 2 (1993): 308–23.10.2307/2598019CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Euwena, Jeffrey A. ‘The Decline of Sugar Production and the Rise of Cocoa Production in Grenada, 1870–1917: The Changing Fortunes of a Cocoa Peasantry.’ Master’s Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.Google Scholar
Eyerman, Ron. Cultural Trauma: Slavery and the Formation of African American Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.10.1017/CBO9780511488788CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fadipe, Nathaniel A. The Sociology of the Yoruba. Ibadan: University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Falola, Toyin, and Adebayo, Akanmu. Culture, Politics and Money among the Yoruba. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2000.Google Scholar
Falola, Toyin, and Childs, Matt D., eds. The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Farrell, Stephen. ‘“Contrary to the Principles of Justice, Humanity and Sound Policy”: The Slave Trade, Parliamentary Politics, and the Abolition Act, 1807.’ Parliamentary History 26 (2007): 141–202.10.1111/j.1750-0206.2007.tb00685.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenger, Frederic A. Alone in the Caribbean: Being the Yarn of a Cruise in the Lesser Antilles in the Sailing Canoe ‘Yakaboo.’ New York: George H. Doran Company, 1917.Google Scholar
Fett, Sharla M. ‘Middle Passages and Forced Migrations: Liberated Africans in Nineteenth-Century US Camps and Ships.’ Slavery & Abolition 31, no. 1 (2010): 75–98.10.1080/01440390903481670CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fett, Sharla M. Recaptured Africans: Surviving Slave Ships, Detention, and Dislocation in the Final Years of the Slave Trade. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Finneran, Niall. ‘Slaves to Sailors: The Archaeology of Traditional Caribbean Shore Whaling, c.1850–2000. A Case Study from Barbados and Bequia (St Vincent, Grenadines).’ International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 45 (2016): 388–405.10.1111/1095-9270.12184CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folaranmi, Stephen. ‘Art in the Service of Sango.’ In Sango in Africa and the African Diaspora, edited by Tishken, Josh E., Falola, Toyin, and Akinyemi, Akintunde. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009, 157–86.Google Scholar
Franklyn, David Omowale. Bridging the Two Grenadas: Gairy’s and Bishop’s. Grenada: Talented House Publications, 1999.Google Scholar
Fraser, Adrian. From Shakers to Spiritual Baptists: The Struggle for Survival of the Shakers of St Vincent and the Grenadines. St Vincent: Kings-SVG Publishers, 2011.Google Scholar
Fromont, Cécile. The Art of Conversion: Christian Visual Culture in the Kingdom of Kongo. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.10.5149/northcarolina/9781469618739.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, Diane. Work and Community among West African Migrant Workers since the Nineteenth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999.10.5949/liverpool/9780853235231.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuentes, Marisa J. Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016.10.9783/9780812293005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fyfe, Christopher. A History of Sierra Leone. London: Oxford University Press, 1951.Google Scholar
Games, Alison. ‘Atlantic History: Definitions, Challenges, and Opportunities.’ The American Historical Review 111, no. 3 (2006): 741–57.10.1086/ahr.111.3.741CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garvey, Amy Jacques. Garvey and Garveyism. London: Collier Books, 1970.Google Scholar
George, Shantel. ‘Tracing the Ethnic Origins of Enslaved Africans in Grenada.’ Atlantic Studies 17, no. 2 (2018): 160–83.Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. London: Verso, 1993.Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul. After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? London: Routledge, 2004.10.4324/9780203482810CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazier, Stephen D. Marchin’ the Pilgrims Home: Leadership and Decision-Making in an Afro-Caribbean Faith. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Glazier, Stephen D. ‘Syncretism and Separation: Ritual Change in an Afro-Caribbean Faith.’ Journal of American Folklore 98, no. 387 (1985): 49–62.10.2307/540876CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazier, Stephen D. ‘Funerals and Mourning in the Spiritual Baptist and Shango Traditions.’ Caribbean Quarterly 39, no. 3&4 (1993): 1–11.10.1080/00086495.1993.11671790CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazier, Stephen D. ‘Demanding Deities and Reluctant Devotees: Belief and Unbelief in the Trinidadian Orisa Movement.’ Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice 52, no. 1 (2008): 19–38.10.3167/sa.2008.520102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazier, Stephen D. ‘Wither Sango? An Inquiry into Sango’s “Authenticity” and Prominence in the Caribbean.’ In Sango in Africa and the African Diaspora, edited by Tishken, Josh E., Falola, Toyin, and Akinyemi, Akintunde. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009, 233–47.Google Scholar
Glissant, Édouard, and Dash, J. Michael. Caribbean Discourse: Selected Essays. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1989.Google Scholar
Gomez, Angela, and Krumah Nelson, Livingston. ‘Drum Culture: Capturing, Connecting and Transmitting an African Legacy in Grenada.’ Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 7, no. 3 (2012): 321–46.10.1080/17442222.2012.723910CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez, Michael A. Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Gomez, Michael A. ‘Africans, Religion, and African Religion through the Nineteenth Century.’ Journal of Africana Religions 1, no. 1 (2013): 78–90.10.5325/jafrireli.1.1.0078CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomez, Michael A. ‘African Identity and Slavery in the Americas.’ Radical History Review 75 (1999): 111–20.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, Michelle A., and Edmonds, Ennis B.. Caribbean Religious History: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Goveia, Elsa. The West Indian Slave Laws of the Eighteenth Century. Bridgetown, Barbados: Caribbean Universities Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Green, William A. British Slave Emancipation: The Sugar Colonies and the Great Experiment 1830–1865. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Grey-Burke, Archbishop. A Brief History of the Shouter Baptist Faith in Trinidad & Tobago. Maraval, Trinidad: Council of Elders Spiritual Baptist Shouter Faith of Trinidad & Tobago, 2002.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. The Collective Memory. 1st ed. Translated by Francis J. Ditter and Vida Yazdi Ditter. New York: Harper & Row, 1980.Google Scholar
Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, Douglas. ‘The Rise and Fall of Houstoun & Co.’ In Nation and Province in the First British Empire: Scotland and the Americas, 1600–1800, edited by Landsman, Ned C.. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2001, 94–126.Google Scholar
Hamilton, Keith, and Salmon, Patrick. Introduction. In Slavery, Diplomacy and Empire: Britain and the Suppression of the Slave Trade, 1807–1975, edited by Hamilton, Keith and Salmon, Patrick. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2009, 1–19.Google Scholar
Hamilton, Keith, and Salmon, Patrick, eds. Slavery, Diplomacy and Empire: Britain and the Suppression of the Slave Trade, 1807–1975. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Handler, Jerome S. ‘Determining African Birth from Skeletal Remains: A Note on Tooth Mutilation.’ Historical Archaeology 28, no. 3 (1994): 113–19.10.1007/BF03374193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handler, Jerome S. ‘The Middle Passage and the Material Culture of Captive Africans.’ Slavery & Abolition 30, no. 1 (2009): 1–26.10.1080/01440390802673773CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handler, Jerome S., and Wallman, Diane. ‘Production Activities in the Household Economies of Plantation Slaves: Barbados and Martinique, Mid-1600s to Mid-1800s.’ International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18, no. 3 (2014): 441–66.10.1007/s10761-014-0265-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, Saidiya. Lose Your Mother: A Journey along the Atlantic Slave Route. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.Google Scholar
Hartman, Saidiya. ‘Venus in Two Acts.’ Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 12, no. 2 (2008): 1–14.10.1215/-12-2-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, Saidiya. ‘The Dead Book Revisited.’ History of the Present: A Journal of Critical History 6, no. 2 (2016): 208–15.10.5406/historypresent.6.2.0208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, Douglas, and Craven, Paul, eds. Masters, Servants and Magistrates in Britain and the Empire, 1562–1955. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Henry, Frances. Reclaiming African Religions in Trinidad: The Social-Political Legitimation of the Orisha and Spiritual Baptist Faiths. Barbados: University of the West Indies, 2003.10.37234/IYRAZNJLCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herskovits, Melville. The Myth of the Negro Past. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1941.Google Scholar
Herskovits, Melville, and Herskovits, Frances S.. Trinidad Village. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1947.Google Scholar
Heusch, Luc de. ‘Kongo in Haiti: A New Approach to Religious Syncretism.’ Man 24, no. 2 (1989): 290–303.10.2307/2803307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heywood, Linda M., ed. Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Heywood, Linda M. ‘Portuguese into African: The Eighteenth-Century Central African Background to Atlantic Creole Cultures.’ In Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora, edited by Heywood, Linda M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 91–114.Google Scholar
Higman, Barry. Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807–1834. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Hill, Donald R. ‘Impact of Migration on the Metropolitan and Folk Society of Carriacou, Grenada.’ Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 54, no. 2 (1977): 191–391.Google Scholar
Hill, Donald R. ‘Ritual and Social Music of Carriacou.’ Liner notes for The Big Drum & Other Ritual & Social Music of Carriacou, recorded by Donald Hill. NY: Folkways Records & Service Corp., 1980.Google Scholar
Hill, Donald R. ‘West African and Haitian Influences on the Ritual and Popular Music of Carriacou, Trinidad, and Cuba.’ Black Music Research Journal 18, no. 1/2 (1998): 183–201.10.2307/779398CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, Donald R. ‘From Coromantese to Cromanti: A Folkloric Account of the Spread of Ghanaian Culture to Carriacou, Grenada.’ Humanities Review 2, no. 1 (2002): 1–8.Google Scholar
Hill, Donald R. ‘Carrriacou.’ In The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A – L; Volume 2: M – Z, edited by Case, Frederick I. and Taylor, Patrick. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2013, 151–6.Google Scholar
Holbrook, David J. Grenada and Carriacou English-Lexifier Creole(s): One Language or Two? St Augustine, Trinidad: Society for Caribbean Linguistics, 2005.Google Scholar
Houk, James. ‘The Role of the Kabbalah in the Afro-American Religious Complex in Trinidad.’ Caribbean Quarterly 39, no. 3&4 (1993): 42–55.10.1080/00086495.1993.11671793CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houk, James. Spirits, Blood, and Drums: The Orisha Religion in Trinidad. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Houlberg, Marilyn H. ‘Egungun Masquerades of the Remo Yoruba.’ African Arts 11, no. 3 (1978): 20–7, 100.Google Scholar
Hucks, Tracey E. Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad. Volume I Obeah: Africans in the White Colonial Imagination. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2022.Google Scholar
Hulme, Peter. Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean 1492–1797. London: Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar
Huzzey, Richard. ‘The Politics of Slave-Trade Suppression.’ In The Suppression of the Atlantic Slave Trade: British Policies, Practices and Representations of Naval Coercion, edited by Roberts, Burroughs and Richard, Huzzey. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015, 18–45.Google Scholar
Jacobs, C. M. Joy Comes in the Morning: Elton George Griffith and the Shouter Baptists. Port of Spain, Trinidad: Caribbean Historical Society, 1996.Google Scholar
Jacobs, W. Richard, and Jacobs, Ian. Grenada: The Route to Revolution. Havana: Casa de La Americas, 1980.Google Scholar
Jean, Martine. ‘The Slave Ship “Maria da Gloria” and the Bare Life of Blackness in the Age of Emancipation.’ Slavery & Abolition (2020): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2020.1822746.Google Scholar
Johnson, Howard. ‘The Liberated Africans in the Bahamas, 1811–1860.’ Immigrants and Minorities 7, no. 1 (1988): 16–40.10.1080/02619288.1988.9974675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Paul Christopher. Diaspora Conversions: Black Carib Religion and the Recovery of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.10.1525/9780520940215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Adam. ‘A History of the Galinhas Country, Sierra Leone, c. 1650–1890.’ PhD diss., University of Birmingham, 1979.Google Scholar
Jones, Adam. From Slave to Palm Kernels: A History of the Galinhas Country (West Africa) 1730–1890. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH, 1983.Google Scholar
Karasch, Mary C. Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro, 1808–1850. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Kea, Ray A. ‘Firearms and Warfare on the Gold and Slave Coasts from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries.’ Journal of African History 12, no. 2 (1971): 185–213.10.1017/S002185370001063XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, Sean. The Voyage of the Slave Ship Hare: A Journey into Captivity from Sierra Leone to South Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016.10.5149/northcarolina/9781469627687.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konadu, Kwasi. The Akan Diaspora in the Americas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390643.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, Andrew. ‘Slavery, Free Trade and Naval Strategy, 1840–1860.’ In Slavery, Diplomacy and Empire: Britain and the Suppression of the Slave Trade, 1807–1975, edited by Hamilton, Keith and Salmon, Patrick. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2009, 65–124.Google Scholar
Lambert, Laurie R. Comrade Sister: Caribbean Feminist Revisions of the Grenada Revolution. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2020.10.2307/j.ctv12sdvzsCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapidus, Ira. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.10.1017/CBO9781139027670CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurence, Keith O. Immigration into the West Indies in the 19th Century. St Lawrence, Barbados: Caribbean Universities Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Law, Robin. The Oyo Empire, c.1600–c.1836: A West African Imperialism in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Law, Robin. ‘Religion, Trade and Politics on the “Slave Coast”: Roman Catholic Missions in Allada and Whydah in the Seventeenth Century.’ Journal of Religion in Africa 21, no. 1 (1999): 42–77.10.1163/157006691X00140CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law, Robin. Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving ‘Port,’ 1727–1892. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Law, Robin. ‘Yoruba Liberated Slaves Who Returned to West Africa.’ In The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World, edited by Falola, Toyin and Childs, Matt D.. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004, 349–65.Google Scholar
Law, Robin. ‘Ethnicities of Enslaved Africans in the Diaspora: On the Meanings of “Mina” (again).’ History in Africa 32 (2005): 247–67.10.1353/hia.2005.0014CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law, Robin. ‘Ethnicity and the Slave Trade: “Lucumi” and “Nago” as Ethnonyms in West Africa.’ History in Africa 24 (2007): 205–19.Google Scholar
Law, Robin. ‘West Africa’s Discovery of the Atlantic.’ International Journal of African Historical Studies 44, no. 1 (2011): 1–25.Google Scholar
Levtzion, Nehemia. Muslims and Chiefs in West Africa: A Study of Islam in the Middle Volta Basin in the Pre-Colonial Period. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Little, Kenneth. Mende of Sierra Leone: A West African People in Transition. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Christopher. The Navy and the Slave Trade: The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century. London: Longman, 1949.Google Scholar
Look Lai, Walton. Indentured Labour, Caribbean Sugar: Chinese and Indian Migrants to the British West Indies, 1838–1918. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Henry B. ‘The Registers of Liberated Africans of the Havana Slave Trade Commission: Transcription Methodology and Statistical Analysis.’ African Economic History 38 (2010): 107–35.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Henry B., Lovejoy, Paul E., Hawthorne, Walter, Alpers, Edward A., Candido, Mariana, Hopper, Matthew S., Lydon, Ghislaine, Kriger, Colleen E., and Thornton, John. ‘Defining Regions of Pre-Colonial Africa: A Controlled Vocabulary for Linking Open-Source Data in Digital History Projects.’ History in Africa 48 (2021): 9–34.10.1017/hia.2020.17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. ‘The Central Sudan and the Atlantic Slave Trade.’ In Paths Toward the Past: African Historical Essays in Honor of Jan Vansina, edited by Harms, Robert W., Miller, Joseph C., Newbury, David S., and Wagner, Michele D.. Atlanta: African Studies Association Press, 1994, 345–70.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. ‘The Children of Slavery – the Transatlantic Phase.’ Slavery & Abolition 27, no. 2 (1996): 197–217.10.1080/01440390600765524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. ‘Identifying Enslaved Africans in the African Diaspora.’ In Identity in the Shadow of Slavery, edited by Lovejoy, Paul. London: Continuum, 2000, 1–29.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. ‘The Yoruba Factor in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.’ In The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World, edited by Falola, Toyin and Childs, Matt D.. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004, 40–55.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, Paul. ‘The Upper Guinea Coast and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database.’ African Economic History 38 (2010): 1–27.Google Scholar
Lum, Kenneth A. Praising His Name in the Dance: Spirit Possession in the Spiritual Baptist Faith and Orisha Work in Trinidad, West Indies. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2000.10.4324/9780203822661CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, Annette C. ‘Big Drum Dance of Carriacou.’ In Making Caribbean Dance: Continuity and Creativity in Island Cultures, edited by Sloat, Susanna. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2010, 285–93.Google Scholar
MacGaffey, Wyatt. ‘The West in Congolese Experience.’ In Africa and the West: Intellectual Responses to European Culture, edited by Curtin, Philip D.. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972, 49–74.Google Scholar
MacGaffey, Wyatt. Modern Kongo Prophets: Religion in a Plural Society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
MacGaffey, Wyatt. Religion and Society in Central Africa: The Bakongo of Lower Zaire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Mahabir, Noorkumar, and Maharaj, Ashram. ‘Hindu Elements in the Shango/Orisha Cult of Trinidad.’ In Across the Dark Waters: Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean, edited by Dabydeen, David and Samaroo, Brinsley. London: Macmillan, 1996, 90–107.Google Scholar
Manning, Patrick. Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.10.1017/CBO9780511563072CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, Morton, and Bilby, Kenneth. ‘Grenada: Creole and Yoruba Traditions.’ Liner notes for Grenada: Creole and Yoruba Voices, recorded by Alan Lomax. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Rounder Records, 2001.Google Scholar
Marshall, Woodville K. ‘Apprenticeship and Labour Relations in Four Windward Islands.’ In Abolition and Its Aftermath: The Historical Context, 1790–1916, edited by Richardson, David. Oxford: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1985, 203–24.Google Scholar
Marshall, Woodville K. ‘Metayage in the Sugar Industry of the British Windward Islands, 1838–1865.’ In Caribbean Freedom: Society and Economy from Emancipation to the Present: A Student Reader, edited by Beckles, Hilary and Shepherd, Verene. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, 1993, 64–79.Google Scholar
Marshall, Woodville K. ‘“We be wise to many more tings”: Blacks’ Hopes and Expectations of Emancipation.’ In Caribbean Freedom: Society and Economy from Emancipation to the Present: A Student Reader, edited by Beckles, Hilary and Shepherd, Verene. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, 1993, 12–20.Google Scholar
Martin, John Angus. Island Caribs and French Settlers in Grenada: 1498–1763. St George’s, Grenada: The Grenada National Museum Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Martin, John Angus. ‘“We Navel-String Bury Here”: Landscape History, Representation and Identity in the Grenada Islandscape.’ PhD diss., Leiden University, 2023.Google Scholar
Martin, John Angus, Opala, Joseph, and Schmidt, Cynthia. The Temne Nation of Carriacou: Sierra Leone’s Lost Family in the Caribbean. Chattanooga, TN: Polyphemus Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Martineau, Myrna. ‘Afro-Religious Cults in Grenada with Specific Reference to Shango.’ Unpublished paper, Marryshow Library, The University of the West Indies, Grenada, c.1960.Google Scholar
Matory, J. Lorand. Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Matory, J. Lorand. Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Oyo Yoruba Religion. 2nd ed. New York: Berghahn Books, 2005.Google Scholar
Matory, J. Lorand. ‘From “Survival” to “Dialogue”: Analytic Tropes in the Study of African-Diaspora Cultural History.’ In Transatlantic Caribbean: Dialogues of People, Practices, Ideas, edited by Kummels, Ingrid, Rauhut, Claudia, Rinke, Stefan, and Timm, Birte. Bielefeld, Germany: Transcript, 2014, 33–56.Google Scholar
McDaniel, Lorna. ‘The Flying Africans: Extent and Strength of the Myth in the Americas.’ New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 64, no. 1&2 (1990): 28–40.10.1163/13822373-90002024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDaniel, Lorna. ‘The Concept of Nation in the Big Drum of Carriacou, Grenada.’ In Musical Repercussions of 1492: Encounters in Text and Performance, edited by Robertson, Carol E.. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992, 395–410.Google Scholar
McDaniel, Lorna. The Big Drum Ritual of Carriacou: Praisesongs in Rememory of Flight. Gainesville: University of Florida, 1998.Google Scholar
McDuffie, Erik S. ‘The Diasporic Journeys of Louise Little: Grassroots Garveyism, the Midwest, and Community Feminism.’ Women, Gender, and Families of Color 4, no. 2 (2016): 146–70.10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuire, Meredith B. Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172621.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKenzie, Peter. Hail Orisha!: A Phenomenology of a West African Religion in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Leiden: Brill, 1997.10.1163/9789004664685CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKittrick, Katherine. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Mercier, Peter. ‘The Fon of Dahomey.’ In African Worlds: Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social Values of African Peoples, edited by Forde, Daryll. London: Oxford University Press, 1954, 210–34.Google Scholar
Ménard, Anaïs. Integrating Strangers: Sherbro Identity and the Politics of Reciprocity along the Sierra Leonean Coast. New York: Berghahn Books, 2023.10.1515/9781805390985CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michel, Frances. ‘African Powers in Trinidad: The Shango Cult.’ Anthropological Quarterly 30, no. 2 (1957): 45–59.10.2307/3316896CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Joseph C. Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730–1830. London: James Currey, 1988.Google Scholar
Miller, Joseph C. ‘Central Africa during the Era of the Slave Trade, c. 1490s–1850s.’ In Central Africans and the Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora, edited by Heywood, Linda M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 21–70.Google Scholar
Milne, A. Taylor. ‘The Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862.’ The American Historical Review 38, no. 3 (1933): 511–25.10.1086/ahr/38.3.511CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mintz, Sidney W. Caribbean Transformations. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co, 1974.Google Scholar
Mintz, Sidney W., and Price, Richard. The Birth of African-American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1976.Google Scholar
Mintz, Sidney W., and Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. ‘The Social History of Haitian Vodou.’ In Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou, edited by Cosentino, Donald. Los Angeles: UCLA Museum of Cultural History, 1995, 123–47.Google Scholar
Misevich, Philip. ‘The Mende and Sherbro Diaspora in Nineteenth-Century Southern Sierra Leone.’ In The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World, edited by Misevich, Philip and Mann, Kristin. Rochester: Rochester University Press, 2016, 247–65.10.1515/9781782046561CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, Jennifer L. Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.10.9783/9780812206371CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, Philip D. ‘The Cultural Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade: African Regional Origins, American Destinations and New World Developments.’ Slavery & Abolition 18, no. 1 (2007): 122–45.Google Scholar
Morton-Williams, Peter. ‘The Egungun Society in South-Western Yoruba Kingdoms.’ In Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the West African Institute of Social and Economic Research. Ibadan, Nigeria: West African Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1954.Google Scholar
Mullin, Michael. Africa in America: Slave Acculturation and Resistance in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736–1831. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Munting, Roger. ‘Sugar.’ In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History, edited by Mokyr, Joel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 37–38.Google Scholar
Murphy, Joseph M. ‘Santa Barbara Africana: Beyond Syncretism in Cuba.’ In Beyond Conversion and Syncretism: Indigenous Encounters with Missionary Christianity, 1800–2000, edited by Lindenfield, David and Richardson, Miles. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012, 137–66.Google Scholar
Murphy, Tessa. The Creole Archipelago: Race and Borders in the Colonial Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021.10.2307/j.ctv1f45qgsCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, David. Odious Commerce: Britain, Spain, and the Abolition of the Cuban Slave Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Murrell, Nathaniel Samuel. Afro-Caribbean Religions: An Introduction to Their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Mustakeem, Sowande’ M. Slavery at Sea: Terror, Sex, and Sickness in the Middle Passage. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016.10.5406/illinois/9780252040559.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Jennifer. ‘Slavery, Race, and Conspiracy: The HMS Romney in Nineteenth-century Cuba.’ Atlantic Studies 14, no. 2 (2017): 174–95.10.1080/14788810.2016.1275467CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newland, Arthur. ‘Rastafari in the Grenada Revolution.’ Social and Economic Studies 62, no. 3/4 (2013): 205–26.Google Scholar
Newman, Simon P. ‘Rethinking Runaways in the British Atlantic World: Britain, the Caribbean, West Africa and North America.’ Slavery & Abolition 38, no. 1 (2017): 49–75.10.1080/0144039X.2016.1220582CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbet, Stuart M. ‘Early Glasgow Sugar Plantations in the Caribbean.’ Scottish Archaeological Journal 31, no. 1/2 (2009): 115–36.10.3366/saj.2010.0007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Northrup, David. ‘African Mortality in the Suppression of the Slave Trade: The Case of the Bight of Biafra.’ Journal of Interdisciplinary History 9, no. 1 (1978): 47–64.10.2307/203668CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northrup, David. Indentured Labor in the Age of Imperialism, 1834–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Northrup, David. ‘Becoming African: Identity Formation among Liberated Slaves in Nineteenth-Century Sierra Leone.’ Slavery & Abolition 27, no. 1 (2006): 1–21.10.1080/01440390500499794CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nwokeji, G. Ugo. ‘African Conceptions of Gender and the Slave Traffic.’ The William and Mary Quarterly 58, no. 1 (2001): 47–68.10.2307/2674418CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nwokeji, G. Ugo, and Eltis, David. ‘The Roots of the African Diaspora: Methodological Considerations in the Analysis of Names in the Liberated African Registers of Sierra Leone and Havana.’ History in Africa 29 (2002): 365–79.10.2307/3172169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odoom, K. O. ‘A Note on the History of Islam in Brong-Ahafo.’ In A Profile of Brong Kyempim: Essays on the Society History and Politics of the Brong People, edited by Kwame, Arhin. Accra: Afram Publications, 1979, 36–48.Google Scholar
Ogden, Emily. Credulity: A Cultural History of US Mesmerism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.10.7208/chicago/9780226532479.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogundiran, Akinwumi. The Yoruba: A New History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2020.10.2307/j.ctv177thv2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogunshakin, Patrick. Olumo: An Illustrated Account of the ‘Olumo’ Rock Sacred in Abeokuta’s History as the Place Where the First Settlers Found Protection ‘Under the Stone’. Lagos: Inway Publishers, 1992.Google Scholar
Ojo, Olatunji. ‘Beyond Diversity: Women, Scarification, and Yoruba Identity.’ History in Africa 35 (2008): 347–74.10.1353/hia.0.0015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olajubu, Oludare, and Ojo, J. R. O.. ‘Some Aspects of Oyo Yoruba Masquerades.’ Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 47, no. 3 (1977): 253–75.10.2307/1158862CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olmos, Margarite Fernández, and Paravisini-Gebert, Lizabeth, eds. Creole Religions of the Caribbean: An Introduction from Vodou and Santería to Obeah and Espiritismo. New York: New York University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Olupona, Jacob K., and Rey, Terry, eds. Orisa Devotion as World Religion: The Globalization of Yoruba Religious Culture. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Olupona, Jacob K., Rey, Terry, and Abiodun, Rowland. Ifa Divination, Knowledge, Power, and Performance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016.10.2979/7224.0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omari-Tunkara, Mikelle S. Manipulating the Sacred: Yorùbá Art, Ritual, and Resistance in Brazilian Candomblé. Detroit: Wayne State University, 2005.Google Scholar
Ortiz, Renato. ‘Ogum and the Umbandista Religion.’ In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Barnes, Sandra. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, 90–102.Google Scholar
Palmié, Stephan. ‘Against Syncretism: “Africanizing” and “Cubanizing” discourses in North American òrìsà worship.’ In Counterworks: Managing the Diversity of Knowledge, edited by Fardon, Richard. Routledge: London, 1995, 73–104.10.4324/9780203450994_chapter_4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmié, Stephan. Wizards and Scientists: Explorations in Afro-Cuban Modernity and Tradition. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Palmié, Stephan, ed., Africas of the Americas: Beyond the Search for Origins in the Study of Afro-Atlantic Religions. Leiden: Brill, 2008.10.1163/ej.9789004164727.i-390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmié, Stephan. The Cooking of History: How Not to Study Afro-Cuban Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.10.7208/chicago/9780226019734.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parés, Luis Nicolau. ‘The “Nagoization” Process in Bahian Candomblé.’ In The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World, edited by Falola, Toyin and Childs, Matt D.. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004, 185–208.Google Scholar
Parés, Luis Nicolau. ‘Xango in Afro-Brazilian Religion: “Aristocracy” and “Syncretic” Interactions.’ In Sango in Africa and the African Diaspora, edited by Tishken, Josh E., Falola, Toyin, and Akinyemi, Akintunde. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009, 248–72.Google Scholar
Parés, Luis Nicolau. The Formation of Candomblé: Vodun History and Ritual in Brazil. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.10.5149/9781469610931_ParesCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, John A. A Church in the Sun: The Story of the Rise of Methodism in the Island of Grenada, West Indies. London: Cargate Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Paton, Diana. No Bond but the Law: Punishment, Race, and Gender in Jamaican State Formation, 1780–1870. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Paton, Diana. ‘Obeah Acts: Producing and Policing the Boundaries of Religion in the Caribbean.’ Small Axe 13, no. 1 (2009): 1–18.10.1215/07990537-2008-002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paton, Diana. The Cultural Politics of Obeah: Religion, Colonialism and Modernity in the Caribbean World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.10.1017/CBO9781139198417CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearse, Andrew. ‘Aspects of Change in Caribbean Folk Music.’ Journal of the International Folk Music Council 7 (1955): 29–36.10.2307/834533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearse, Andrew. ‘The Big Drum Dance of Carriacou.’ Recording notes for The Big Drum Dance of Carriacou, recorded by Andrew Pearse, Ethnic Folkways Library (1956), Album no., FE4011.Google Scholar
Pearson, Andrew. Distant Freedom: St Helena and the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1840–1872. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016.10.5949/liverpool/9781781382837.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, Andrew, Jeffs, Ben, Witkin, Annsofie, and MacQuarrie, Helen. Infernal Traffic: Excavation of a Liberated African Graveyard in Rupert’s Valley, St Helena. York: Council for British Archaeology, 2011.Google Scholar
Pearson, Andrew, and MacQuarrie, Helen. ‘Prize Possessions: Transported Material Culture of the Post-Abolition Enslaved – New Evidence from St Helena.’ Slavery & Abolition 37, no. 1 (2015): 47–72.Google Scholar
Peel, John D. Y. Ijeshas and Nigerians: The Incorporation of a Yoruba Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Peel, John D. Y. ‘A Comparative Analysis of Ogun in Precolonial Yorubaland.’ In Africa’s Ogun: Old World and New, edited by Barnes, Sandra. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, 263–89.Google Scholar
Peel, John D. Y. Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Perks, Robert, and Thomson, Alistair. The Oral History Reader. 3rd ed. London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.Google Scholar
Perry, Bruce. Malcolm X: The Life of the Man Who Changed Black America. Barrytown, NY: Station Hill Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Phillip, Nicole L. Producers, Reproducers and Rebels: Grenadian Slave Women, 1783–1838. Cave Hill, Barbados: Center for Gender and Development Studies, 2003.Google Scholar
Polk, Patrick. ‘African Religion and Christianity in Grenada.’ Caribbean Quarterly 39, no. 3 (1993): 73–81.10.1080/00086495.1993.11671795CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollak-Eltz, Angelina. ‘The Shango Cult and Other African Rituals in Trinidad, Grenada, and Carriacou and their Possible Influence on the Spiritual Baptist Faith.’ Caribbean Quarterly 39, no. 3&4 (1993): 12–26.10.1080/00086495.1993.11671791CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portelli, Alessandro. The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Other Stories: Form and Meaning in Oral History. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Poynor, Robin. ‘The Egungun of Owo.’ African Arts 11, no. 3 (1978): 65–76, 100.10.2307/3335416CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, Richard. The Guiana Maroons: A Historical and Bibliographical Introduction. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Price, Richard. ‘The Miracle of Creolization: A Retrospective.’ New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 75, no. 1–2 (2001): 35–64.10.1163/13822373-90002557CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, Richard. ‘Créolisation, Creolization, and Créolité.’ Small Axe 21, no. 1 (2017): 211–19.10.1215/07990537-3843962CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, Kate. ‘Conventional Politics or Revolution: Black Power and the Radical Challenge to the Westminster Model in the Caribbean.’ Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 53, no. 1 (2015): 71–94.10.1080/14662043.2014.993145CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauhut, Claudia. ‘A Transatlantic Restoration of Religion: On the Reconstruction of Yoruba and Lúkúmí in Cuban Santería.’ In Transatlantic Caribbean: Dialogues of People, Practices, Ideas, edited by Kummels, Ingrid, Rauhut, Claudia, Rinke, Stefan H, and Timm, Birte. Bielefeld, Germany: Transcript, 2014, 181–200.10.14361/9783839426074-181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rey, Terry. ‘Kongolese Catholic Influences on Haitian Popular Catholicism: A Socio-Historical Exploration.’ In Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora, edited by Heywood, Linda M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 265–86.Google Scholar
Roberts, George W. ‘Immigration of Africans into the British Caribbean.’ Population Studies 7, no. 3 (1954): 235–62.10.1080/00324728.1954.10415564CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, George W., and Byrne, Jocelyn. ‘Summary Statistics on Indenture and Associated Migration Affecting the West Indies, 1834–1918.’ Population Studies 20, no. 1 (1966): 125–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Roberts, Peter A. From Oral to Literature Culture: Colonial Experience in the English West Indies. Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Rocklin, Alexander. ‘Imagining Religions in a Trinidad Village: The Africanity of the Spiritual Baptist Movement and the Politics of Comparing Religions.’ New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, no. 1&2 (2012): 55–79.10.1163/13822373-90002423CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocklin, Alexander. ‘Making the Chief Servant Mad: Disability, the Regulation of Afro-Caribbean Religions, and the Political Prophesy of Tubal Uriah Butler.’ Journal of Africana Religions 9, no. 2 (2021): 203–26.10.5325/jafrireli.9.2.0203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roopnarine, Lomarsh. ‘The Repatriation, Readjustment, and Second-Term Migration of Ex-Indentured Indian Laborers from British Guiana and Trinidad to India, 1838-1955.’ New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 83, no. 1–2 (2009): 71–97.10.1163/13822373-90002459CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rucker, Walter. Gold Coast Diasporas: Identity, Culture, and Power. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.10.2979/10999.0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryden, David Beck. ‘“One of the Finest and Most Fruitful Spots in America”: An Analysis of Eighteenth-Century Carriacou.’ The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 43, no. 4 (2013): 539–70.Google Scholar
Safran, William. ‘Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return.’ Diaspora 1, no. 1 (1991): 83–99.10.1353/dsp.1991.0004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samaroo, Brinsley. ‘Changing Caribbean Geographies: Connections in Flora, Fauna and Patterns of Settlement from Indian Inheritances.’ Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies 1, no. 1 (2021): 16–35.10.13169/jofstudindentleg.1.1.0016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scanlan, Padraic X. Freedom’s Debtors: British Antislavery in Sierra Leone in the Age of Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Schiebinger, Londa. Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Schuler, Monica. ‘Alas, Alas, Kongo’: A Social History of Indentured African Immigration into Jamaica, 1841–1865. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Schuler, Monica. ‘Liberated Central Africans in Nineteenth Century Guyana.’ In Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora, edited by Heywood, Linda M.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 319–52.Google Scholar
Schuler, Monica, Karasch, Mary, Price, Richard, and Brathwaite, Edward Kamau. ‘Afro-American Slave Culture [with Commentary].’ Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques 6, no. 1 (1979): 121–55.Google Scholar
Scott, David. ‘That Event, This Memory: Notes on the Anthropology of African Diasporas in the New World.’ Diaspora 1, no. 3 (1991): 261–84.10.1353/dsp.1991.0023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, David. ‘Introduction: On the Archaeologies of Black Memory.’ Small Axe 26, no. 6 (2008): v–xvi.10.1215/-12-2-vCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, Ronald. ‘Review: Background to Grenada: When the Social Scientists Invaded.’ Caribbean Review 12, no. 4 (1983): 40–4.Google Scholar
Senah, Emmanuel Kwaku. ‘Trinidad and the West African Nexus during the Nineteenth Century.’ PhD diss., University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad, 1999.Google Scholar
Shaikh, Farida. ‘Judicial Diplomacy: British Officials and the Mixed Commission Courts.’ In Slavery, Diplomacy and Empire: Britain and the Suppression of the Slave Trade, 1807–1975, edited by Hamilton, Keith and Salmon, Patrick. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2009, 42–64.Google Scholar
Sharpe, Christina. In the Wake: On Blackness and Being. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Sheridan, Richard. The Development of the Plantations to 1750: An Era of West Indian Prosperity, 1750–1775. Bridgetown: Caribbean Universities Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Shlomowitz, Ralph. ‘Mortality and Voyages of Liberated Africans to the West Indies, 1841–1867.’ Slavery & Abolition 11, no. 1 (1990): 30–41.10.1080/01440399008574998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shlomowitz, Ralph. Review of Indentured Labor, Caribbean Sugar: Chinese and Indian Migrants to the British West Indies, 1838–1918, by Walton Look Lai. International Review of Social History 40, no. 1 (1995): 133–35.10.1017/S0020859000113070CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, George Eaton. ‘The Shango Cult in Nigeria and in Trinidad.’ American Anthropologist 64, no. 6 (1962): 1204–19.10.1525/aa.1962.64.6.02a00050CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, George Eaton. The Acculturative Process in Trinidadian Shango.’ Anthropological Quarterly 37, no. 1 (1964): 16–27.10.2307/3317057CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, George Eaton. The Shango Cult in Trinidad. San Juan: Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Puerto Rico, 1965.Google Scholar
Simpson, George Eaton. Black Religions in the New World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael Garfield. A Framework for Caribbean Studies. Kingston, Jamaica: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of the West Indies, 1955.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael Garfield. Kinship and Community in Carriacou. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael Garfield. Plural Society in the British West Indies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael Garfield. Stratification in Grenada. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Snyder, Terri L. ‘Suicide, Slavery, and Memory in North America.’ The Journal of American History 97, no. 1 (2010): 39–62.10.2307/jahist/97.1.39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sookram, Ron. ‘Immigrants to Citizens: The Indian Community in Grenada, 1857 to the Present.’ EnterText 6, no. 3 (2006–2007): 29–51.Google Scholar
Steele, Beverley. ‘Grenada, an Island State, Its History and Its People.’ Caribbean Quarterly 20, no. 1 (1974): 5–43.10.1080/00086495.1974.11829213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, Beverley. ‘East Indian Indenture and the Work of the Presbyterian Church among the Indians in Grenada.’ Caribbean Quarterly 22, no. 1 (1976): 28–39.10.1080/00086495.1976.11829268CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, Beverley. ‘Folk Dance of Grenada.’ Bulletin of Eastern Caribbean Affairs 21, no. 1 (1976): 25–45.Google Scholar
Steele, Beverley. Grenada: A History of its People. Oxford: Macmillan Education, 2003.Google Scholar
Steele, Beverley. ‘Grenada.’ In The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions: Volume 1: A – L; Volume 2: M – Z, edited by Case, Frederick I. and Taylor, Patrick. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2013, 301–5.Google Scholar
Stephens, Michelle Ann, and Miguel, Yolanda Martínez-San, eds. Contemporary Archipelagic Thinking: Towards New Comparative Methodologies and Disciplinary Formations. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2020.Google Scholar
Stephens, Reverend Patricia. The Spiritual Baptist Faith: African New World Religious History, Identity, & Testimony. London: Karnak House, 1999.Google Scholar
Stewart, Catherine A. Long Past Slavery: Representing Race in the Federal Writers’ Project. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016.10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626260.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, Dianne M. Three Eyes for the Journey: African Dimensions of the Jamaican Religious Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.10.1093/0195154150.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, Dianne M. ‘The Orisa House That Afro-Catholics Built: Africana Antecedents to Yoruba Religious Formation in Trinidad.’ In Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of the Black Atlantic, edited by Fromont, Cécile. University Park: Penn State University Press, 2019, 156–62.Google Scholar
Stewart, Dianne M. Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad. Volume II Orisa: Africana Nations and the Power of Black Sacred Imagination. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2022.Google Scholar
Stickrodt, Silke. ‘The Atlantic Slave Trade and a Very Small Place in Africa: Global Processes and Local Factors in the History of Little Popo, 1680s to 1860s.’ In The End of Slavery in Africa and the Americas: A Comparative Approach, edited by Schmieder, Ulrike, Füllberg-Stolberg, Katja, and Zeuske, Michael. Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2011, 15–26.Google Scholar
Stratford, E., Godfrey Baldacchino, Elizabeth McMahon, Carol Farbotko, and Andrew Harwood. ‘Envisioning the Archipelago.’ Island Studies Journal 6, no. 2 (2011): 113–30.10.24043/isj.253CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweet, James H. Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the African-Portuguese World, 1441–1770. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Tate, Shirley Anne. Decolonising Sambo: Transculturation, Fungibility and Black and People of Colour Futurity. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.Google Scholar
Taylor, Patrick. ‘Dancing the Nation: An Introduction.’ In Nation Dance: Religion, Identity, and Cultural Difference in the Caribbean, edited by Taylor, Patrick. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001, 1–13.10.2979/2439.0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Mary Elizabeth. Jamaica and Voluntary Laborers from Africa 1840–1865. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1974.Google Scholar
Thomas, Reverend Eudora. A History of the Shouter Baptists in Trinidad and Tobago. Ithaca, NY: Calaloux Publications, 1987.Google Scholar
Thompson, Robert Farris. Flash of the Spirit: African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy. New York: Random House, 1984.Google Scholar
Thompson, Robert Farris, and Cornet, Joseph. The Four Moments of the Sun: Kongo Art in Two Worlds. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1981.Google Scholar
Thornton, John. ‘The Development of an African Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Kongo, 1491–1750.’ Journal of African History 25, no. 2 (1984): 147–67.10.1017/S0021853700022830CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, John. ‘On the Trail of Voodoo: African Christianity in Africa and the Americas.’ The Americas 44, no. 3 (1988): 261–78.10.2307/1006906CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, John. Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Thornton, John. The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.10.1017/CBO9780511572791CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, John K., and Heywood, Linda M.. Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1586–1660. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Trotman, David. ‘The Yoruba and Orisha Worship in Trinidad and British Guiana: 1838–1870.’ African Studies Review 19, no. 2 (1976): 1–17.10.2307/523560CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trotman, David. ‘Reflections on the Children of Shango: An Essay on a History of Orisa Worship in Trinidad.’ Slavery & Abolition 28, no. 2 (2007): 211–34.10.1080/01440390701428022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Turner, Mary. ‘The British Caribbean, 1823–1838: Transition from Slave to Free Legal Status.’ In Masters, Servants and Magistrates in Britain and the Empire, 1562–1955, edited by Hay, Douglas and Craven, Paul. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004, 302–22.Google Scholar
University of the West Indies (Cave Hill, Barbados), Faculty of Law Library. Grenada: Consolidated Index of Statutes and Subsidiary Legislation to 1st January 2016. Cave Hill, Barbados: Faculty of Law Library, University of the West Indies, Barbados, 2016.Google Scholar
Verger, Pierre. ‘Cartas de un Brasileiro estabelecido no século XIX na Costa dos Escravos.’ Anhembi 6 (1952): 212–53.Google Scholar
Voeks, Robert A. Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Ward, John R. British West Indian Slavery, 1750–1834: The Process of Amelioration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Warner-Lewis, Maureen. Guinea’s Other Suns: The African Dynamic in Trinidad Culture. Dover, MA: The Majority Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Warner-Lewis, Maureen. Trinidad Yoruba: From Mother Tongue to Memory. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996.10.2307/jj.30347722CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner-Lewis, Maureen. ‘Trinidad Yoruba: Its Theoretical Implications for Creolisation Processes.’ Caribbean Quarterly 44, no. 1&2 (1998): 50–61.10.1080/00086495.1998.11829570CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warner-Lewis, Maureen. Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Warner-Lewis, Maureen. ‘Ethnic and Religious Plurality among Yoruba Immigrants in Trinidad in the Nineteenth Century.’ In Identity in the Shadow of Slavery, edited by Lovejoy, Paul. London: Continuum, 2009, 113–28.Google Scholar
Wescott, Joan. ‘The Sculpture and Myths of Eshu-Elegba, the Yoruba Trickster: Definition and Interpretation in Yoruba Iconography.’ Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 32, no. 4 (1962): 336–54.10.2307/1157438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilmot, Swithin. ‘“Females of Abandoned Character?” Women and Protest in Jamaica, 1838–1865.’ In Engendering History: Caribbean Women in Historical Perspective, edited by Shepherd, Verene, Brereton, Bridget, and Bailey, Barbara. Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers, 1995, 279–95.Google Scholar
Wirtz, Kristina. ‘Divining the Past: The Linguistic Reconstruction of “African” Roots in Diasporic Ritual Registers and Songs.’ In Africas of the Americas: Beyond the Search for Origins in the Study of Afro-Atlantic Religions, edited by Palmié, Stephan. Leiden: Brill, 2008, 141–77.Google Scholar
Wood, Donald. Trinidad in Transition: The Years after Slavery. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Malcolm, X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X. London: Penguin, 1965.Google Scholar
Yai, Olabiyi. ‘Yoruba Religion and Globalization: Some Reflections.’ In Orisa Devotion as World Religion: The Globalization of Yoruba Religious Culture, edited by Olupona, Jacob K. and Rey, Terry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008, 233–64.Google Scholar
Young, Jason R. Rituals of Resistance: African Atlantic Religion in Kongo and the Lowcountry South in the Era of Slavery. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Zane, Wallace W. Journeys to the Spiritual Lands: The Natural History of a West Indian Religion. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.10.1093/oso/9780195128451.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Accessibility standard: Inaccessible, or known limited accessibility

The HTML of this book is known to have missing or limited accessibility features. We may be reviewing its accessibility for future improvement, but final compliance is not yet assured and may be subject to legal exceptions. If you have any questions, please contact accessibility@cambridge-org.demo.remotlog.com.

Content Navigation

Table of contents navigation
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.
Index navigation
Provides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.

Reading Order & Textual Equivalents

Single logical reading order
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
Short alternative textual descriptions
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.
Full alternative textual descriptions
You get more than just short alt text: you have comprehensive text equivalents, transcripts, captions, or audio descriptions for substantial non‐text content, which is especially helpful for complex visuals or multimedia.

Structural and Technical Features

ARIA roles provided
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge-org.demo.remotlog.com is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Shantel A. George, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Yoruba Are on a Rock
  • Online publication: 18 September 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009358996.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Shantel A. George, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Yoruba Are on a Rock
  • Online publication: 18 September 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009358996.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Shantel A. George, University of Glasgow
  • Book: The Yoruba Are on a Rock
  • Online publication: 18 September 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009358996.014
Available formats
×