Hostname: page-component-5447f9dfdb-lxcff Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-31T02:43:23.903Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genotypic Diversity of Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Populations in California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Cheryl A. Wilen ,
Jodie S. Holt ,
Norman C. Ellstrand  and
Ruth G. Shaw
Cheryl A. Wilen
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Sci., Univ. Calif., Riverside, CA 92521
Jodie S. Holt
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Sci., Univ. Calif., Riverside, CA 92521
Norman C. Ellstrand
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Sci., Univ. Calif., Riverside, CA 92521
Ruth G. Shaw
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. and Plant Sci., Univ. Calif., Riverside, CA 92521
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Using starch gel electrophoresis, we examined the genetic variability of kikuyugrass collected from three golf course sites within its geographical range in California. These experiments were conducted to determine the method of spread of kikuyugrass in areas where it is considered invasive. Samples from roughs and fairways of each of these locations were compared. of the 354 plants examined, 12 different genotypes were identified by isozyme analysis, and only three of the nine putative loci varied among the genotypes. Two genotypes, representing 73% of the plants examined, were found at all three geographic locations. Our results imply that under common golf course practices, kikuyugrass is maintained by clonal reproduction. We conclude that low genetic variation does not preclude a plant species from being an aggressive invader.

Keywords

Kikuyugrass, Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. #3 PESCLPopulation maintenanceisozyme analysisPESCL

Information

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , June 1995 , pp. 209 - 214
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

LITERATURE CITED

1. Al Mouemar, A. and Gasquez, J. 1983. Environmental conditions and isozyme polymorphism in Chenopodium album L. Weed Res. 23:141–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Baker, H. G. 1989. Some aspects of the natural history of seed banks. Pages 9–21 in Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T., and Simpson, R. L., eds. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Cardy, B. J., Stuber, C. W., Wendel, J. F., and Goodman, M. M. 1983. Techniques for starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes from maize (Zea mays L.). Institute of Statistics Mimeograph Series No. 1317, N.C. State Univ. Raleigh, N.C. Google Scholar
4. Carr, D. J. and Ng, E. K. 1956. Experimental induction of flower formation in kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.). Aust. J. Agri. Res. 7:1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Cross, D. O. 1936. A rare occurrence. Germination of kikuyugrass seed. Agri. Gaz. N.S.W. 47:485.Google Scholar
6. Cudney, D. W., Gibeault, V. A., Baldwin, R. L., and Breece, J. H. 1982. Chemical and cultural control of kikuyugrass in turf. Calif. Agric. 36:4–5.Google Scholar
7. Dekker, J. 1991. An overview of new techniques and advances in weed physiology and molecular biology. Weed Sci. 39:480–481.Google Scholar
8. Ducousso, A., Petit, D., Valero, M., and Vernet, P. 1990. Genetic variation between and within populations of a perennial grass: Arrhenatherum elatius . Heredity 65:179–188.Google Scholar
9. Ellstrand, N. C. and Roose, M. L. 1987. Patterns of genotypic diversity in clonal plant species. Amer. J. Bot. 74:123–131.Google Scholar
10. Gottlieb, L. D. 1977. Electrophoretic evidence and plant systematics. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gar. 64:161–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Gottlieb, L. D. 1981. Electrophorectic evidence and plant populations. In Reinhold, L., Harborne, J. B., and Swain, T., eds. Progress in Phytochemistry. 7:1–46. Peragamon Press, Ltd. Great Britain.Google Scholar
12. Gottlieb, L. D. 1981. Gene number in species of Astereae that have different chromosome numbers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:3726–3729.Google Scholar
13. Gray, A. J., Parsell, R. S., and Scott, R. 1979. The genetic structure of plant populations in relation to the development of salt marshes. Pages 43–64 in Jefferies, R. L. and Davy, A. J., eds. Ecological Processes in Coastal Environments. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.Google Scholar
14. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. Pages 773–775. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
15. Hartl, D. L. and Clark, A. G. 1989. Principles of Population Genetics. 2nd ed. Pages 31–40. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
16. Hedrick, P. W. 1983. Genetics of Populations. Pages 254–257 and 489–490. Science Books International, Boston.Google Scholar
17. Hill, E. R., Lachman, W. H., and Maynard, D. N. 1963. Reproductive potential of yellow nutsedge by seeds. Weeds 11:160–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Helm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Pages 362–366. East-West Center. Univ. of Hawaii Press. Hawaii.Google Scholar
19. Horak, M. J. and Holt, J. S. 1986. Isozyme variability and breeding systems in populations of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci. 34:538–543.Google Scholar
20. Horak, M. J., Holt, J. S., and Ellstrand, N. C. 1987. Genetic variation in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci. 35:506–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Hrishi, N. J. 1952. Studies on the cytogenetics of six species of Pennisetum and their comparative morphology and anatomy. Genetica 26:280–356.Google Scholar
22. Kahler, A. L. and Price, S. C. 1987. Isozymes in population genetics, systematics, and evolution of grasses. Pages 97–106 in Soderstrom, T. R., Hilu, K. W., Campbell, C. S., and Barkworth, M. E., eds. Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
23. Kephart, S. R. 1990. Starch gel electrophoresis of plant isozymes: a comparative analysis of techniques. Amer. J. Bot. 77:693–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Kik, C., Van Andel, J., Van Delden, W., Joenje, W., and Bijlsma, R. 1990. Colonization and differentiation in the clonal perennial Agrostis stolonifera . J. Ecol. 78:949–961.Google Scholar
25. Lewis, P. and Whitkus, R. 1989. GENESTAT for microcomputers. Am. Soc. Pl. Tax. Newsl. 2:15–16.Google Scholar
26. MacDonald, S. E. and Lieffers, V. J. 1991. Population variation, outcrossing, and colonization of disturbed areas by Calamagrostis canadensis: Evidence from allozyme analysis. Am. J. Bot. 78:1123–1129.Google Scholar
27. McNeilly, T. and Roose, M. L. 1987. The distribution of perennial ryegrass genotypes in swards. New Phytol. 98:503–513.Google Scholar
28. Moody, M. E. and Mack, R. N. 1988. Controlling the spread of plant invasions: The importance of nascent foci. J. Appl. Ecol. 25:1009–1021.Google Scholar
29. Narayan, K. N. 1955. Cytogenetic studies of apomixis in Pennisetum . Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 41:196–208.Google Scholar
30. Navas, M. -L. and Gasquez, J. 1991. Genetic diversity and clonal structure of Rubia peregrina in Mediterranean vineyard and unmanaged habitats. Weed Res. 31:247–256.Google Scholar
31. Nei, M. 1973. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70:3321–3323.Google Scholar
32. Nei, M. 1975. Molecular Population Genetics and Evolution. Pages 149–154 and 175–178. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.Google Scholar
33. O'Malley, D. N., Wheeler, N. C., and Guries, R. P. 1980. A manual for starch gel electrophoresis. Staff paper series #11. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc. Google Scholar
34. Piggot, G. J. and Morgan, H. M. 1983. Kikuyu seed surprise in Northland. N.Z.J. Agri. 147:6.Google Scholar
35. Roose, M. L. and Gottlieb, L. D. 1976. Genetic and biochemical consequences of polyploidy in Tragopogon . Evol. 30:818–830.Google Scholar
36. Silander, J. A. Jr. 1985. Microevolution in clonal plants. Pages 107–152 in Jackson, J.B.C., Buss, L. W., and Cook, R. E., eds. Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
37. Tanksley, S. D. 1979. Linkage, chromosomal association, and expression of Adh-1 and Pgm-2 in tomato. Biochem. Genet. 17:1159–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38. Tanksley, S. D. and Rick, C. M. 1980. Isozymic gene linkage map of the tomato: applications in genetics and breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 57:161–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Urbanska, K. A. 1990. Biology of asexually reproducing plants. Pages 273–292 in Kawano, S. ed. Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trends in Plants. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
40. Warwick, S. I. 1990. Genetic variation in weeds with particular reference to Canadian agricultural weeds. Pages 3–18 in Kawano, S. ed. Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trends in Plants. Academic Press, San Diego.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Warwick, S. I. and Black, L. D. 1986. Genecological variation in recently established populations of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf). Can. J. Bot. 64:1632–1643.Google Scholar
42. Warwick, S. I., Thompson, B. K., and Black, L. D. 1984. Population variations in Sorghum halepense, johnsongrass, at the northern limits of its range. Can. J. Bot. 62:1781–1790.Google Scholar
43. Wendel, J. F. and Weeden, N. F. 1989. Visualization and interpretation of plant isozymes. Pages 5–45 in Soltis, D. E. and Soltis, P. S., eds. Isozymes in Plant Biology. Discordes Press, Portland, Oregon.Google Scholar
44. Wu, L., Bradshaw, A. D., and Thurman, D. A. 1975. The potential for evolution of heavy metal tolerance in plants. HI. The rapid evolution of copper tolerance in Agrostis stolonifera . Heredity 34:165–187.Google Scholar
45. Youngner, V. B. 1961. Observations on the ecology and morphology of Pennisetum clandestinum . Phyton 16:77–84.Google Scholar