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Buckwheat Residue Effects on Emergence and Growth of Weeds inWinter-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) CroppingSystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Virender Kumar ,
Daniel C. Brainard ,
Robin R. Bellinder  and
Russell R. Hahn
Virender Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Daniel C. Brainard*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Robin R. Bellinder
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Russell R. Hahn
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: brainar9@msu.edu
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Abstract

Field and pot studies were conducted in Central New York to determine thepotential weed-management benefits of a buckwheat cover crop grown beforewinter wheat. Specific objectives were to determine buckwheat residueeffects on (1) emergence and growth of winter annual weeds; (2) wheatestablishment and yield; and (3) emergence of summer annual weeds in thespring following overwinter seed burial. In a field study, buckwheat wassown at two timings (July or August), mowed, and either incorporated or lefton the soil surface. Winter wheat was drilled into buckwheat residue inSeptember and weed and crop growth were monitored. In a complementary potstudy, four winter annual weeds were sown in soil removed from buckwheat andbare-soil plots at 0 or 15 d after incorporation and monitored for emergenceand early growth. To assess buckwheat residue effects on spring emergencefrom overwintering seeds, seeds of three weed species were buried inbuckwheat residue and bare-soil plots in the fall, exhumed in April, andevaluated for emergence. To investigate the mechanism for possible effectsof buckwheat residue on overwintering seeds, two levels each of seedtreatment (none or fungicide) and fertilization (none or 170 kg ha−1) were applied before burial. Buckwheat residue had nonegative effect on wheat yields but suppressed emergence (22 to 72%) andgrowth (0 to 95%) of winter annual weeds, although effects were often smalland inconsistent. Buckwheat residue had no effect on the emergence of buriedweed seeds in spring. However, fungicide treatment enhanced the emergence ofPowell amaranth seeds by 12.5 to 25.5% and of barnyardgrass seeds by 0 to12%. Our results suggest that buckwheat residue can contribute to weedmanagement in wheat cropping systems, but that further studies investigatingthe mechanistic basis for the inconsistent selective effects of buckwheatresidue on weeds are needed before buckwheat use can be optimized.

Keywords

Powell amaranth = green pigweed, Amaranthus powellii S.Wats. AMAPOhairy galinsoga, Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) BlakeGASCIbarnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.ECHCGcommon chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. STEMEyellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f. BARVUcorn chamomile, Anthemis arvensis L. ANTARshepherd's-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.CAPBPwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum Lbuckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchEmergencegrowthgreen manurecover cropresidue effectsweed seed mortality

Information

Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 567 - 573
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: International Rice Research Institute—India, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi.

Current address: Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325.

References

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