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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
A linearity test shows H 0 to decrease by 7% out to 18 000 km s–1. The value at 10 000 km s–1 is a good approximation to the mean value of H 0 over very large scales. The construction of the extragalactic distance scale is discussed. Field galaxies, cluster distances relative to Virgo, and blue supernovae of type Ia yield H 0 (cosmic) with increasing weight; they give consistently H 0 = 57 ± 7 (external error). This value is supported by purely physical distance determinations (SZ effect, gravitational lenses, MWB fluctuations). Arguments for H 0 > 70 are discussed and shown to be flawed.