Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-mwwwr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-23T11:10:57.597Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Urban Studies in The Middle East

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2016

Michael E. Bonine
Michael E. Bonine*
Affiliation:
The University of Arizona
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Urban civilization began in the Middle East and today this area is one of the most urbanized regions in the Third World. Yet, scholarly research in Middle Eastern urban affairs has lagged behind both the growth of urban studies for other areas of the world and the interest in other aspects of Middle Eastern society. The city is a viable focus for research and such fields as urban geography, urban sociology, urban anthropology and urban history have been increasing in importance in their respective disciplines. This interest is only beginning in Middle Eastern studies, although substantial recent progress has been made as this review will show.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Review of Middle East Studies , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , October 1976 , pp. 1 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © Middle East Studies Association of North America 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abdel-Tawab, Fouad Diab. 1972. “Cairo,” in Great Cities of the World, Vol. 1, pp. 273–93, ed. by Robson, William A. and Regan, D. E.. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Abdulla, Saif. 1973. “Politics, Administration, and Urban Planning in a Welfare Society: Kuwait.” Ph.D. Diss., Indiana Univ., Political Science.Google Scholar
Abu-Laban, Baha. 1970. “Social Change and Local Politics in Sidon, Lebanon.” Journal of Developing Areas. 5, 27–42.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1961. “Migrant Adjustment to City Life: The Egyptian Case.” American Journal of Sociology, 67, 22–32.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1964. “Urban-Rural Differences as a Function of the Demographic Transition: Egyptian Data and an Analytical Model.” American Journal of Sociology, 69, 476–90.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1965a. “The Emergence of Differential Fertility in Urban Egypt.” The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 43, 235–53.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1965b. “Urbanization in Egypt: Present State and Future Prospects.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 13:3, 313–43.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1969a. “Testing the Theory of Social Area Analysis: The Ecology of Cairo, Egypt.” American Sociological Review, 34, 198–212.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1969b, “Varieties of Urban Experience: Contrast, Coexisttence, and Coalescence in Cairo,” in Middle Eastern Cities, pp. 159–87, ed. by Lapidus, Ira M.. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1971. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1973. “Problems and Policy Implications of Middle Eastern Urbanization,” in Studies on Development Problems in Selected Countries of the Middle East. 1972, pp. 42–62. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1975a. “Moroccan Cities: Apartheid and the Serendipity of Conservation,” in African Themes, pp. 77–111, ed. by Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim. Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Program of African Studies.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1975b. “The Legitimacy of Comparisons in Comparative Urban Studies: A Theoretical Position and an Application to North African Cities.” Urban Affairs Quarterly, 11:1, 13–35.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1976a. “Urban Structure Under Decolonization: The Factorial Ecology of Rabat-Salé, Morocco.” Paper presented at the SSRC-ACLS Conference on Urban Systems and Development in the Maghreb, Tunis.Google Scholar
Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1976b. “Developments in North African Urbanism: The Process of Decolonization,” in Patterns of Urbanization and Counter-urbanization. ed. by Berry, Brian. Sage Urban Affairs Annual (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Adam, André. 1972. Casablanca: Essai sur la transformation de la société marocaine au contact de l’Occident. 2 vols. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
Adams, Robert McC. 1965. Land Behind Baghdad: A History of Settlement on the Diyala Plains. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Adams, Robert McC. 1966. The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Adams, Robert McC and Nissen, Hans. J. 1972. The Uruk Countryside: The Natural Setting of Urban Societies. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Adibi, Hossein. 1972. “An Analysis of the Social, Economic and Physical Aspects of Urbanization in Iran.” Ph.D. Diss., United States International Univ., Urban and Regional Planning.Google Scholar
Ahrens, Peter Georg. 1966. Die Entwicklung der Stadt Teheran: Eine stadtebauliche Untersuchung ihrer zukünftigen Gestaltung. Opladen: C.W. Leske.Google Scholar
Aksit, Bahattin. 1975. “Social Change and Cleavage in a Middle-Sized Turkish City.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Chicago, Sociology.Google Scholar
Alberti, Maria Paola Pagnini. 1971. Strutture commerciali di una città di pellegrinaggio: Mashhad (Iran Nord-Orientale). Udine: Del Bianco, Università degli Studi di Trieste, No. 8.Google Scholar
Altman, Elisabeth A. and Rosenbaum, Betsey R. 1973. “Principles of Planning and Zionist Ideology: The Israeli Development Town.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners. 39:5, 316–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altorki, Soraya M. 1973. “Religion and Social Organization of Elite Families in Urban Saudi Arabia.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Amin, Galal A. 1972. Urbanisation and Economic Development in the Arab World. Beirut: Beirut Arab University.Google Scholar
Amiran, D.H.K. and Shahar, A. 1961. “The Towns of Israel: The Principles of their Urban Geography.” The Geographical Review. 51:3, 348–69.Google Scholar
Anschütz, Helga. 1967. “Persische Stadttypen: Eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Stadte Teheran-Isfahan-Abadan-Chorramschahr und Buschir in Iran.” Geographische Rundschau. 19:3, 105–10.Google Scholar
Antoun, Richard. 1976. “The State of the Art of Middle Eastern Anthropology,” in Middle East Studies, ed. by Binder, Leonard. New York: John Wiley and SonsGoogle Scholar
Antoun, Richard and Harik, Iliya, eds. 1972. Rural Politics and Social Change in the Middle East. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Arberry, Arthur J. 1960. Shiraz: Persian City of Saints and Poets. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Arefi, Abdul Ghafoor. 1975. “Urban Politics, Planning and Implementation in Kabul, Afghanistan.” Ph.D. Diss., Indiana Univ., Urban and Regional Planning.Google Scholar
Atlas of Jerusalem. 1973. Jerusalem?: Jewish History Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Attalides, Michael A. 1974. “Social Change and Urbanization: A Study of Nicosia.” Ph.D. Diss., Princeton Univ., Sociology.Google Scholar
Aubin, Jean. 1970. “Elements pour l’étude des agglomérations urbaines dans l’Iran médiéval,” in The Islamic City, pp. 65–75, ed. by Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M.. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Auerbach, Stephen David. 1975. “Occupational Options and Adaptive Strategies in a Tunisian Town: The Effects of the Tunisian Government’s Ideology of Modernization.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Baer, Gabriel. 1964. Egyptian Guilds in Modern Tines. Jerusalem: The Israel Oriental Society, Oriental Notes and Studies, No. 8.Google Scholar
Baer, Gabriel. 1968. “Urbanization in Egypt, 1820–1907,” in Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East, pp. 155–69, ed. by Polk, William R. and Chambers, Richard L.. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baer, Gabriel. 1969. Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, Chap. 9.Google Scholar
Baer, Gabriel. 1970a. “The Administrative, Economic and Social Functions of Turkish Guilds.” International Journal of Middle East Studies. 1:1, 28–50.Google Scholar
Baer, Gabriel. 1970b. “Monopolies and Restrictive Practices of Turkish Guilds.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 13, 145–65.Google Scholar
Baghād: Publie à l’Occasion du Mille deux Centième anniversaire de la Fondation. 1962. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Baleela, Moustafa. 1975. “Design for Livability: The Housing Requirements of Middle Income Families in Saudi Arabia.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Urban and Regional Planning.Google Scholar
Bartsch, William H. 1970. “Employment Creation in the Urban Areas of Iran, 1956–1966.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of London.Google Scholar
Bazin, Marcel. 1969. “Erzurum: un centre regional en Turquie.” Revue Géographique de L’Est. 9, 269–314.Google Scholar
Bazin, Marcel. 1973. “Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional.” Revue Géographique de L’Est. 13, 77–136.Google Scholar
Beckett, Phillip H.T. 1966. “The City of Kerman, Iran.” Erdkunde. 20:2, 119–25.Google Scholar
Béguin, Hubert. 1974. L’Organisation de l’Espace au Maroc. Brussels: Académie royale de Sciences d’Outre-Mer.Google Scholar
Ben-Arieh, Y. 1975. “The Growth of Jerusalem in the Nineteenth Century.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 65:2, 252–69.Google Scholar
Benedict, Peter. 1974. Ula: An Anatolian Town. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Benet, Francisco. 1963. “The Ideology of Islamic Urbanization.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 4:2, 211–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berdichevsky, Norman. 1974. “The Impact of Urbanization on the Social Geography of Rehovot: An Israeli Case Study of Residential Differentiation, 1890–1973.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Geography.Google Scholar
Berger, Morroe, ed. 1963. The New Metropolis in the Arab World. New Dehli: Allied Publishers.Google Scholar
Berler, Alexander. 1970. Urban-Rural Relations in Israel. Rehovot: Settlement Study Center, Publications on Problems of Regional Development, No. 8.Google Scholar
Berman, Mildred. 1963. “The Role of Beersheba as a Regional Center.” Ph.D. Diss. Clark Univ., Geography.Google Scholar
Bharier, Julian A. 1972. “The Growth of Towns and Villages in Iran, 1900–1966.” Middle Eastern Studies. 8:1, 51–61.Google Scholar
Bill, James A. 1972. The Politics of Iran: Groups. Classes and Modernization. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill.Google Scholar
Binder, Leonard, ed. 1976. Middle East Studies: Research and Scholarship in the Humanities and Social Sciences. New York: John Wiley and SonsGoogle Scholar
Blake, G.H. 1968. Misurata: A Market Town in Tripolitania. Durham: Univ. of Durham, Dept. of Geography, Research Paper Series, No. 9.Google Scholar
Bobek, Hans. 1951. “Soziale Raumbildungen am Beispiel des Vorderen Orients,” in Tacruncrsbericht. Deutscher Geographentag München. 1948. pp. 193–206. Landshut: Amt fur Landeskunde.Google Scholar
Bobek, Hans. 1971. “Zum konzept des Rentenkapitalismus.” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 65:2, 73–8.Google Scholar
Bonine, Michael E. 1975a. “Yazd and its Hinterland: A Central Place System of Dominance in the Central Iranian Plateau.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Texas at Austin, Geography.Google Scholar
Bonine, Michael E.. 1975b. Urbanization and City Structure in Contemporary Iran and Afghanistan: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Monticello, Illinois: Council of Planning Libraries, Exchange Bibliography No. 875.Google Scholar
Bonine, Michael E.. 1975c. “Commercial Structure and Function of an Iranian Provincial Bazaar: A Study of Yazd.” Paper presented at the MESA Annual Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky.Google Scholar
Bonine, Michael E.. 1976. “Where is the Geography of the Middle East?” The Professional Geographer, 28:2, 190–5.Google Scholar
Bonine, Michael E.. 1977. “From Uruk to Casablanca: Perspectives on the Urban Experiences of the Middle East.” Journal of Urban History. 3:2 (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Bosworth, Clifford E. 1963. The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran. 994–1040. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Boyce, Mary. 1971. “The Zoroastrian Houses of Yazd.” in Iran and Islam, pp. 125–47, ed. by Bosworth, Clifford E.. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Kenneth. 1976. People of Sale: Tradition and Change in a Moroccan City. 1830–1930. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, L. Carl, ed. 1973. From Madina to Metropolis: Heritage and Change in the Near Eastern City. Princeton: The Darwin Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Brunn, Stanley D. 1971. Urbanization in Developing Countries: An International Bibliography. East Lansing: Michigan State University, Latin American Studies Center Research Report No. 8.Google Scholar
Brunschvig, Robert. 1947. “Urbanisme, medieval et droit musulman.” Revue des Ètudes Islamiques. 15, 127–55.Google Scholar
Bujra, Abdalla S. 1971. The Politics of Stratification: A Study of Political Change in a South Arabian Town. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bulliet, Richard W. 1972. The Patricians of Nishapur: A Study in Medieval Islamic Social History. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Cahen, Claude. 1958. “Zur Geschichte der Stadtischen Gesellschaft im Islamischen Orient des Mittelalters.” Saeculum, 9, 59–76.Google Scholar
Cahen, Claude. 1970. “Y a-t-il eu des corporations professionnelles dans le monde musulman classique? Quelques notes et réflexions,” in The Islamic City, pp. 51–63, ed. by Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M.. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Centlivres, Pierre. 1972. Un bazar d’Asie centrale: Forme et organisation du bazar de Tashgurghan (Afghanistan). Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert.Google Scholar
Charpentier, C.-J. 1972. Bazaar-e-Tashgurghan: Ethnographical Studies in an Afghan Traditional Bazaar. Uppsala: Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia, No. 36.Google Scholar
Churchill, Charles W. 1954. The City of Beirut: A Socio-Economic Survey. Beirut: Dar El-Kitab.Google Scholar
Clark, Brian D., and Costello, Vincent. 1973. “The Urban System and Social Patterns in Iranian Cities.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 59, 99–128.Google Scholar
Clarke, John I. 1963. The Iranian City of Shiraz. Durham: Univ. of Durham, Dept. of Geography, Research Paper Series, No. 7.Google Scholar
Clarke, John I. and Clark, Brian D. 1969. Kermanshah: An Iranian Provincial City. Durham: Univ. of Durham, Dept. of Geography, Research Paper Series, No. 10.Google Scholar
Clarke, John I. and Fisher, W.B., eds. 1972. Populations of the Middle East and North Africa: A Geographical Approach. London: Univ. of London Press.Google Scholar
Clerget, Marcel. 1934. Le Caire: Étude de géographie urbaine et d’histoire économique, 2 vols. Cairo: E. and R. Schindler.Google Scholar
Cohen, E. 1970. The City in Zionist Ideology. Jerusalem: Institute of Urban and Regional Studies.Google Scholar
Cohen, Yehoshua. 1968. Urban Zones of Influence in the Southern Coastal Plain of Israel. Rehovot: Settlement Study Center, Publications on Problems of Regional Development, No. 4.Google Scholar
Collogue International Sur L’Histoire du Caire. 1972. Cairo: Ministry of Culture, Arab Republic of Egypt.Google Scholar
Connell, John, ed. 1970? Semnan: Persian City and Region. London: University College.Google Scholar
Coon, Carleton S. 1958. Caravan. New York: Holt.Google Scholar
Cooper, Charles A. and Alexander, Sidney S., eds. 1972. Economic Development and Population Growth in the Middle East. New York: American Elsevier.Google Scholar
Costello, Vincent F. 1975. Kashan: A City and Region of Iran. London: Bowker (with the Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, Univ. of Durham).Google Scholar
Creswell, K.A.C. 1932–40. Early Muslim Architecture: Umayyads, Early ‘Abbasids and Tulunids, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Creswell, K.A.C.. 1952–60. The Muslim Architecture of Egypt. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Creswell, K.A.C.. 1961. A Bibliography of the Architecture. Arts and Crafts of Islam. Cairo: American Univ. at Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Creswell, K.A.C.. ;973. A Bibliography of the Architecture. Arts and Crafts of Islam. Supplement. Cairo: American Univ. at Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Cronin, Constance. 1975. “The Power and Mobility of Leading Qajar Families.” Paper presented at the MESA Annual Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky.Google Scholar
Cronin, Constance. 1976. “The Effect of Development on the Urban Family,” in The Social Sciences and Problems of Development, pp. 261–72, ed. by Farmanfarmaian, Khodadad. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Program in Near Eastern Studies.Google Scholar
Dagradi, Piero. 1963. “Due capitali nella steppa: Ankara e Tehran.” Rivista Geografica Italiana. 70, 271–306.Google Scholar
Descloitres, Robert; Reverdy, Jean-Claude; and Descloitres, Claudine. 1961. L’Algérie des bidonvilles. Paris: Mouton and Co.Google Scholar
Dethier, Jean. 1973. “Evolution of Concepts of Housing, Urbanism, and Country Planning in a Developing Country: Morocco, 1900–1972,” in From Madina to Metropolis, pp. 197–243, ed. by Brown, L. Carl. Princeton: The Darwin Press.Google Scholar
Dettmann, Klaus. 1969. Damaskus: Eine orientalische Stadt zwischen Tradition und Moderne. Erlangen: Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, No. 26.Google Scholar
Dogan, Hasan Z. 1974. “Social Consequences of Residential Segregation in Ankara, Turkey.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Michigan, Sociology.Google Scholar
Dukas, Theodore. 1976. “Bibliography on Urbanization with Special Reference to North Africa,” prepared for the SSRC-ACLS Conference on North African Urbanization, Tunis, June 1976.Google Scholar
Dulgarian, Martin E. 1965. “Anakra as a Planned National Capital.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Michigan, Geography.Google Scholar
Dunlop, D.M. 1971. Arab Civilization to A.D. 1500. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Dupree, Louis. 1966. “Aq Kupruk: A Town in North Afghanistan.” American University Staff Reports. South Asia Series, 10: 9–10.Google Scholar
Dwyer, Daisy H. 1973. “Women’s Confl Behavior in a Traditional Moroccan Setting: An Interactional Analysis.” Ph.D. Diss., Yale Univ., Anthropology.Google Scholar
Efrat, Elisha. 1964. “The Hinterland of the New City of Jerusalem and its Economic Significance.” Economic Geography, 40:3, 254–60.Google Scholar
Ehlers, Eckart. 1971. “Die StSdte des südkaspischen KÜstentieflandes.” Die Erde. 102:1, 6–33.Google Scholar
Ehlers, Eckart. 1975. “Die Stadt Bam und ihr Oasen-Umland/Zentraliran: Ein Beitrag zu Théorie und Praxis der Beziehungen landlicher Raume zu ihren kleinstādtischen Zentren im Orient.” Erdkunde. 29:1, 39–52.Google Scholar
Eichel, Marijean H. 1975. “Ottoman Urbanism in the Balkans: A Tentative View.” The East Lakes Geographer. 10, 45–54.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F. 1974. “Is there an Islamic City? The Making of a Quarter in a Moroccan Town.” International Journal of Middle East Studies. 5:3, 274–94.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F.. 1976a. Moroccan Islam: Tradition and Society in a Pilgrimage Center. Austin: University of Texas Press, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Modern Middle East Series, No. 1.Google Scholar
Eickelman, Dale F.. 1976b. “Cultural Perceptions of Social Space in North African Cities.” Paper presented at the SSRC-ACLS Conference on Urban Systems and Development in the Maghreb, Tunis.Google Scholar
El-Shakhs, Salah. 1971. “National Factors in the Development of Cairo.” Town Planning Review. 42″3, 135–49.Google Scholar
El-Shakhs, Salah. 1972. “Development, Primacy, and Systems of Cities.” The Journal of Developing Areas. 7:1, 11–36.Google Scholar
El-Shakhs, Salah. 1975. “Urbanization and Spatial Development in Libya.” Pan African Journal. 8:1, 159–85. English, Paul Ward.Google Scholar
El-Shakhs, Salah. 1966a. City and Village in Iran: Settlement and Economy in the Kirman Basin. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
El-Shakhs, Salah. 1966b. “Culture Change and the Structure of a Persian City,” in The Conflict of Traditionalism and Modernism in the Muslim Middle East, pp. 158–71, ed. by Leiden, Carl. Austin: Univ. of Texas, Humanities Research Center.Google Scholar
El-Shakhs, Salah. 1973. “The Traditional City of Herat, Afghanistan,” in From Madina to Metropolis, pp. 73–90, ed. by Brown, L. Carl. Princeton: The Darwin Press.Google Scholar
Escallier, M. Robert. 1972. “La population de la chaine urbaine du nord-ouest atlantique Marocain.” Mediterranee. 9:1, 5–29.Google Scholar
Faroghi, Suraiya. 1973. “Social Mobility among the Ottoman ‘Ulema in the late Sixteenth Century.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 4″2, 204–18.Google Scholar
Farsoun, Samih K. 1971. “Family Structure in a Modernizing Society (Lebanon).” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Connecticut, Sociology.Google Scholar
Fernea, Robert A. 1970. Shavkh and Effendi: Changing Patterns of Authority Among the El Shabana of Southern Iraq. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Michael M.J. 1973. “Zoroastrian Iran: Between Myth and Praxis.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Chicago, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Floor, W.M. 1975. “The Guilds in Iran - an Overview from the Earliest Beginnings till 1972.” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Mörgenländischen Gesellschaft. 125:1, 99–116.Google Scholar
Foster, Badi G. 1974. “The Moroccan Power Structure as seen from below: Political Participation in a Casablanca Shantytown.” Ph.D. Diss., Princeton Univ., Political Science.Google Scholar
Fowler, Gary L. 1972. “Development of City Size Distributions for the Egyptian Urban System, 1897–1960.” The Professional Geographer. 24:4, 317–20.Google Scholar
Fox, William C. 1969. “Baghdad, A City in Transition.” The East Lakes Geographer, 5, 5–23.Google Scholar
Frye, Richard N., 1965. Bukhara: The Medieval Achievement. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Gardi, René. 1973. Indigenous African Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Gerber, Jane S. 1972. “Jewish Society in Fez: Studies in Communal and Economic Life.” Ph.D. Diss., Columbia Univ., History.Google Scholar
Gibb, H.A.R. and Bowen, Harold. 1950. Islamic Society and the West. Vol. I, Part 1. London: Oxford Univ. Press, Chap. 6.Google Scholar
Goitein, S.D. 1967, 1971, In preparation. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, 3 vols. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Gosenfeld, Norman. 1973. “The Spatial Division of Jerusalem, 1948–1969.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Geography.Google Scholar
Grabar, Oleg. 1968. “Islamic Art and Archaeology.” Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 2:3, 4–17.Google Scholar
Grabar, Oleg. 1969. “The Architecture of the Middle Eastern City from Past to Present: The Case of the Mosque,” in Middle Eastern Cities, pp. 26–46, ed by Lapidus, Ira M.. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Gradus, Yehuda. 1971. “The Spatial Urban Ecology of Metropolitan Haifa, Israel: A Factorial Approach.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Pittsburgh, Geography.Google Scholar
Grunebaum, Gustave E. von. 1955. Islam: Essays in the Nature and Growth of a Cultural Tradition. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Chap. 8, “The Structure of the Muslim Town,” 141–58.Google Scholar
Grunebaum, Gustave E. von. 1962. “The Sacred Character of Islamic Cities,” in Melanges Taha Husain. pp. 25–37, ed. by Badawi, Abdurrahman. Cairo: Dar Al-Maaref.Google Scholar
Gubser, Peter. 1973a. Politics and Change in Al-Karak. Jordan: A Study of a small Arab Town and its District. London: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Gubser, Peter. 1973b. “The Zu’ama’ of Sahlah: The Current Situation in a Lebanese Town.” Middle East Journal. 27:2/173–89.Google Scholar
Gulick, John. 1967a. “Baghdad: Portrait of a City in Physical and Cultural Change.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners. 33, 246–55.Google Scholar
Gulick, John. 1967b. Tripoli: A Modern Arab City. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Gulick, John. 1969. “Village and City: Cultural Continuities in Twentieth Century Middle Eastern Cultures,” in Middle Eastern Cities, pp. 122–58, ed. by Lapidus, Ira M.. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Gulick, John. 1974. “Private Life and Public Face: Cultural Continuities in the Domestic Architecture of Isfahan,” in Studies on Isfahan. Part 2, pp. 629–51, ed. by Holod, Renata. Boston: The Society for Iranian Studies (Iranian Studies. 7: 1–4).Google Scholar
Gulick, John. 1976. The Middle East: An Anthropological Perspective. Pacific Palisades, California: Goodyear.Google Scholar
Gulick, John and Gulick, Margaret E. 1974. “Varieties of Domestic Social Organization in the Iranian City of Isfahan,” in City and Peasant: A Study in Socio-cultural Dynamics, pp. 441–69, ed. by LaRuffa, Anthony L., etc. al. New York: Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Gutkind, Peter C.W. 1973. “Bibliography on Urban Anthropology,” in Urban Anthropology: Cross-Cultural Studies of Urbanization. pp. 425–89, ed. by Southall, Aidan. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Gutkind, Peter C.W.. 1974. Urban Anthropology: Perspectives on ‘Third World’ Urbanization and Urbanism. Assen, Netherlands: Van Gorcum.Google Scholar
Hacker, Jane M. 1960. Modern Amman: A Social Study. Durham: Univ. of Durham, Dept. of Geography, Research Paper Series, No. 3.Google Scholar
Hahn, Helmut. 1964. Die Stadt Kabul (Afghanistan) und ihr Umland. Teil I: Gestaltwandel einer orientalischen Stadt. Bonn: Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen, No. 34.Google Scholar
Gutkind, Peter C.W.. 1965. Die Stadt Kabul (Afghanistan) und ihr Umland. Teil II: Sozialstruktur und wirtschaftliche Lage der Agrarbevolkerung im Stadtumland. Bonn: Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen, No. 35.Google Scholar
Gutkind, Peter C.W.. 1972. “Wachstumsablāufe in einer orientalischen Stadt am Beispiel von Kabul/Afghanistan.” Erdkunde. 26:1, 16–32.Google Scholar
Hale, Sondra and Hale, Gerry A. 1971. “An Urban Bibliography of the Sudan: 1900–1971.” African Urban Notes. 6:2, 150–81.Google Scholar
Hallet, Stanley and Samizay, Rafi. 1976. The Vernacular Housing of Afghanistan. Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck.Google Scholar
Hamdan, G. 1960. “The Growth and Functional Structure of Khartoum.” The Geographical Review. 50, 21–40.Google Scholar
Harrison, Robert S. 1967. “Migrants in the City of Tripoli, Libya.” The Geographical Review. 57, 397–423.Google Scholar
Hasan, M.S. 1958. “Growth and Structure of Iraq’s Population, 1867–1947.” Bulletin of the Oxford Institute of Statistics. 20, 339–52.Google Scholar
Hay, Michael J. 1974. “An Economic Analysis of Rural-Urban Migration in Tunisia.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Minnesota, Economics.Google Scholar
Hemmasi, Mohammad. 1974. Migration in Iran: A Quantitative Approach. Shiraz, Iran: Pahlavi Univ. Publications, No. 48.Google Scholar
Hitti, Phillip K. 1973. Capital Cities of Arab Islam. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Hoell, Margaret S. 1973. “The Ticaret Odasi: Origins, Functions, and Activities of the Chamber of Commerce of Istanbul, 1885–1899.” Ph.D. Diss., Ohio State Univ., History.Google Scholar
Holod, Renata, ed. 1974. Studies on Isfahan. 2 vols. Boston: The Society for Iranian Studies (Iranian Studies, 7:1–4).Google Scholar
Holod-Tretiak, Renata, 1972. “The Monuments of Yazd, 1300–1450: Architecture, Patronage and Setting.” Ph.D. Diss., Harvard Univ., Fine Arts.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Nicholas S. 1972. Popular Movements in an African Town: Kita. Mali. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hourani, A.H. 1970. “The Islamic City in the Light of Recent Research,” in The Islamic City, pp. 9–24, ed. by Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M.. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M., eds. 1970. The Islamic City: A Colloquium. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Hourcade, Bernard. 1974. “Teheran: Evolution Recente d’une Métropole.” Méditerranée. 16:1, 25–41.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Saad E. 1975. “Over-urbanization and Under-urbanism: The Case of the Arab World.” International Journal of Middle East Studies. 6:1, 29–45.Google Scholar
Irons, William. 1970. Review of English, Paul W., City and Village in Iran. Iranian Studies. 3:2, 115–25.Google Scholar
Issawi, Charles. 1969. “Economic Change and Urbanization in the Middle East,” in Middle Eastern Cities, pp. 102–21, ed. by Lapidus, Ira M.. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Jabbra, Nancy W. 1975. “The Role of Women in a Lebanese Community.” Ph.D. Diss,, Catholic Univ. of America, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Jankunis, Frank J. 1969. “Samarkand: An Urban Study.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Geography.Google Scholar
Jennings, Ronald. 1976. “Urban Population in Anatolia in the Sixteenth Century: A Study of Kayseri, Karaman, Amasya, Trabzon, and Erzurum.” International Journal of Middle East Studies. 7:1, 21–57.Google Scholar
Johnson, Katherine M.N.D.Urbanization in Morocco. New York: Ford Foundation, The International Urbanization Survey.Google Scholar
Karpat, Kemal. 1975. “The Background of Ottoman Concept of City and Urbanity,” in Structures Sociales et Développement Culturel des Villes Sud-Est Européenes et Adriatjques. pp. 323–40. Bucharest.Google Scholar
Karpat, Kemal. 1976. Rural Migration and Urbanization in Turkey: The Gecekondu. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Keles, Rusen. N.D.Urbanization in Turkey. New York: Ford Foundation, The International Urbanization Survey.Google Scholar
Kermani, Taghi T. 1967. Economic Development in Action: Theories. Problems and Procedures as Applied in the Middle East. Cleveland: The World Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Khair-el-Din, Abdel-Hamid M. 1974. “Housing for Low-Income Families in Inner-city locations in Developed and Developing Countries.” Ph.D. Diss. Catholic Univ. of America, Architecture.Google Scholar
Khalaf, Samir. 1972. “Adaptive Modernization: The Case for Lebanon,” in Economic Development and Population Growth in the Middle East, pp. 567–98, ed. by Cooper, Charles A. and Alexander, Sidney S.. New York: American Elsevier.Google Scholar
Khalaf, Samir. 1973. “The Development of Urban Nuclei: A Case Study,” in Studies on Development Problems in Selected Countries of the Middle East. 1972, pp. 63–80. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Khalaf, Samir and Kongstad, Per. 1973. Hamra of Beirut: A Case of Rapid Urbanization. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Khuri, Fuad I. 1975. From Village to Suburb; Order and Change in Greater Beirut. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kiray, Mübeccel. 1964. Ereğli: Ağir Sanayiden Önce Bir Sahil Basabasi (Ereğli: A Coastal Town before Industrialization). Ankara: Devlet Plânlama Teşkilâti (In Turkish).Google Scholar
Klaff, Vivian Z. 1974. “Ethnic Patterns of Residence and Socioeconomic Status as Indicators of Social Integration in Israel.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Sociology.Google Scholar
Kutcher, Arthur. 1973. The New Jerusalem: Planning and Politics. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Landay, Susan. 1971. “The Ecology of Islamic Cities: The Case for the Ethnocity.” Economic Geography. 47:2 (supplement), 304–13.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira M. 1967. Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira M., ed. 1969a. Middle Eastern Cities: A Symposium on Ancient. Islamic, and Contemporary Middle Eastern Urbanism. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira M.. 1969b. “Muslim Cities and Islamic Societies,” in Middle Eastern Cities, pp. 47–79, ed. by Lapidus, Ira M.. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira M.. 1973a. “The Traditional Muslim Cities: Structure and Change,” in From Madina to Metropolis, pp. 51–69, ed. by Brown, L. Carl. Princeton: Darwin Press.Google Scholar
Lapidus, Ira M.. 1973b. “The Evolution of Muslim Urban Society.” Comparative Studies in Society and History. 15:1, 21–50.Google Scholar
Lassner, Jacob. 1970. The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages: Text and Studies. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Lawless, Richard I. 1975. “Centrality and the Evolution of a Central Place Hierarchy in Western Algeria: Some Comments and Questions Based on Research in the Islamic Town of Tlemcen.” Paper presented at the Developing Areas Study Group on “Marketing and Central Place Systems in Less Developing Countries,” Institute of British Geographers Annual Conference, Oxford.Google Scholar
Lawless, Richard I.. 1976. “Algeria: Functional and Social Transformation of a Colonial Urban System under a Planned Economy,” in Perspectives on Urban and Regional Planning in Africa, ed. by Obudho, Robert (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Lawless, Richard I. and Blake, Gerald H. 1976. Tlemcen: Continuity and Change in an Algerian and Islamic Town. London: Bowker (with the Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, Univ. of Durham).Google Scholar
Lespès, René. 1930. Alger: Ètude de Géographie et d’Histoire urbaines. Paris: Librairie Félix Alcan.Google Scholar
Le Strange, Guy. 1905. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Le Tourneau, Roger. 1949. Fes avant le Protectorat: Étude économique et sociale d’une ville de l’Occident musulman. Casablanca: Institut des hautes études marocaines. No. 45.Google Scholar
Le Tourneau, Roger. 1957. Les villes musulmanes de l’Afrique du Nord. Algiers: La Maison des livres.Google Scholar
Le Tourneau, Roger. 1961. Fez in the Ages of the Marinides. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Le Tourneau, Roger. 1966. “Implications of Rapid Urbanization,” in State and Society in Independent North Africa, pp. 123–45, ed. by Brown, Leon Carl. Washington, D.C.: The Middle East Institute.Google Scholar
Levine, Ned. 1973. “Value Orientation among Migrants in Ankara, Turkey: A Case Study.” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 8: 1–2, 50–68.Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. 1937. “The Islamic Guilds.” Economic History Review. 8:1, 20–37.Google Scholar
Lobban, Richard A. 1973. “Social Networks in the Urban Sudan.” Ph.D. Diss., Northwestern Univ., Anthropology.Google Scholar
Lobban, Richard A.. 1975. “Alienation, Urbanization, and Social Networks in the Urban Sudan.” Journal of Modern African Studies. 13:3, 491–500.Google Scholar
Loeb, Laurence. 1970. “The Jews of Southwest Iran: A Study of Cultural Persistence.” Ph.D. Diss., Columbia Univ., Anthropology.Google Scholar
McGee, T.G. 1971. The Urbanization Process in the Third World. G. Bell and Sons.Google Scholar
Magnarella, Paul J. 1974. Tradition and Change in a Turkish Town. New York: Halsted.Google Scholar
Mahmoud, Wassim Ben and Santelli, Serge. 1974. “What to do with Medina?” Ekistics. No. 227, 259–63.Google Scholar
Malik, Salen A. 1973. “Rural Migration and Urban Growth in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Michigan, Sociology.Google Scholar
Mansur, Fatma. 1972. Bodrum: A Town in the Aegean. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Marcais, Georges. 1945. “La conception des villes dans l”Islam.” Revue d’Alcrer. 2, 517–33.Google Scholar
Marcais, William. 1928. “L’Islamisme et la vie urbaine.” Comptesrendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris, 86–100.Google Scholar
Massignon, Louis. 1920. “Les corps de metiers et la cite islamique.” Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 28, 473–89.Google Scholar
Massignon, Louis. 1935. “Sinf.” Encyclopaedia of Islam. IV, 436–7 (1st Edition).Google Scholar
Masters, William M. 1954. “Rowanduz: A Kurdish Administrative and Mercentile Center.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Michigan, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Micaud, Ellen C. 1974. “Belated Urban Planning in Tunis: Problems and Prospects.” Human Organization, 33:2, 123–37.Google Scholar
Micaud, Ellen C.. 1975. “Medina of Tunis: Victim of Urbanization and Obstacle to Urban Planning.” Paper presented at the MESA Annual Meeting, Lousville, Kentucky.Google Scholar
Miner, Horace. 1965. The Primitive City of Timbuctoo. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Montagne, Robert. 1951. La Naissance du Proletariat Marocain. Paris: Peyronnet.Google Scholar
Mozayeni, Manootchehr. 1974. “City Planning in Iran: Evolution and Problems.” Ekistics. No. 228, 264–7.Google Scholar
Naciri, Mohammed. 1963. “Salé: Ètude de géographie urbaine.” Revue de Géographie du Maroc. Nos. 3–4, 13–82.Google Scholar
Nadim, Nawal El Messiri. 1975. “The Relationships between the Sexes in a Harah of Cairo.” Ph.D. Diss., Indiana Univ., Anthropology.Google Scholar
Naff, Alixa. 1972. “A Social History of Zahle, The Principal Market Town in Nineteenth-Century Lebanon.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, History.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O. van. 1971. Sociology of the Middle East. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Oc, Taner. 1974. “Assimilation of Displaced Rural Migrants in Istanbul and in Samsun, and the Role of Mass-Media in this Process.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Urban and Regional Planning.Google Scholar
Oliver, Paul, ed. 1971. Shelter in Africa. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Oubouzar, Sharon O. 1974. “Dzair: Kabyle Mothers, Daughers and Granddaughters in the Urban Environment of Algiers.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Kansas, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Patai, Raphael. 1967. Golden Riber to Golden Road: Society. Culture and Change in the Middle East. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Pauty, Edmond. 1951. “Villes spontanées et villes créées en Islam.” Annales de l’Institut d’études orientales. 9, 52–75.Google Scholar
Paydarfar, Ali A. 1974. “Differential Life-Styles Between Migrants and Nonmigrants: A Case Study of the City of Shiraz, Iran.” Demography. 11:3, 509–20.Google Scholar
Paydarfar, Ali A. and Sarram, Mahmoud. 1970. “Differential Fertility and Socioeconomic Status of Shirazi Women: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Marriage and the Family, 32:4, 692–9.Google Scholar
Petry, Carl F. 1974. “Geographic Origins and Residence Patterns of the ‘Ulama’ of Cairo in the Fifteenth Century.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Michigan, History.Google Scholar
Phillips, Doris G. 1959. “Rural to Urban Migration in Iraq.” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 7, 405–31.Google Scholar
Planhol, Xavier de. 1959. The World of Islam. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Planhol, Xavier de. 1964. Recherches sur la géographie humaine de l’Iran septentrional. Paris: Centre de Recherches et Documentation Cartographiques et Géographiques, Mémoires et Documents, 9, Chap. 4.Google Scholar
Planhol, Xavier de; Hebrard, Anne-Marie; and Brillion, Beatrice. 1973. “Ankara: aspects de la croissance d’une métropole.” Revue Géographique de l’Est, 13:1–2, 155–87.Google Scholar
Pope, Arthur Upham and Ackerman, Phyllis, eds. 1938–9. A Survey of Persian Art: From Prehistoric Times to the Present. 6 vols. London: Oxford Univ. Press (Republished 1964–5, 12 vols).Google Scholar
Popper, William. 1955. Egypt and Syria under the Circassian Sultans. Vol. 1. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, Publications in Semitic Philology, 15.Google Scholar
Press, Richard L. 1969. “Marrakesh, A City in the Process of Change: Studies in Urbanization and Urbanism, With an Emphasis on the Jewish Community.” Ph.D. Diss., The Dropsie Univ., Anthropology.Google Scholar
Prothro, E. Terry and Diab, Lutfy N. 1974. Changing Family Patterns in the Arab East. 1974. Beirut: American Univ. of Beirut.Google Scholar
Prussin, Labelle, and Lee, David. 1973. “Architecture in Africa: An Annotated Bibliography, Part I: North and West Africa.” Africana Library Journal. 4:3, 2–32.Google Scholar
Puzo, William D. 1972. “Mogadishu, Somalia: Geographic Aspects of its Evolution, Population, Functions and Morphology.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Geography.Google Scholar
Ragette, Friedrick. 1974. Architecture in Lebanon. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Rapoport, Amos. 1964/65. “The Architecture of Isphahan.” Landscape, 14:2, 4–11.Google Scholar
Redman, Charles. 1976. “Anthropological Archaeology in the Near East,” appendix to Richard Antoun, “The State of the Art of Middle Eastern Anthropology,” in Middle East Studies. ed. by Binder, Leonard. New York: John Wiley and Sons (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Rehfisch, F. 1972. “A Rotating Credit Association in the Three Towns,” in Essays in Sudan Ethnography, pp. 189–200, ed. by Cunnison, Ian and James, Wendy. London: C. Hurst and Co.Google Scholar
Ritter, Gert. 1972. “Moderne Entwicklungstendenzen türkischer Städte am Beispiel der Stadt Kayseri.” Geographische Rundschau. 24:3, 93–101.Google Scholar
Rogers, J.M. 1970. “Samarra: A Study in Medieval Town-Planning,” in The Islamic Citv. pp. 119–55, ed. by Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M.. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Rosen, Lawrence. 1969. “The Structure of Social Groups in a Moroccan City.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Chicago, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Rosen, Lawrence. 1972. “Muslim-Jewish Relations in a Moroccan City.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3:4, 435–49.Google Scholar
Rotblat, Howard J. 1972a. “Stability and Change in an Iranian Provincial Bazaar.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Chiacago, Sociology.Google Scholar
Rotblat, Howard J.. 1972b. “Structural Impediments to Change in the Qazvin Bazaar.” Iranian Studies. 5:4, 130–48.Google Scholar
Rotblat, Howard J.. 1975. “Social Organization and Development in an Iranian Provincial Bazaar.” Economic Development and Cultural Change. 23:2, 292–305.Google Scholar
Rother, Lothar. 1971. Die Stadte der Cukurova: Adana-Mersin- Tarsus: Ein Beitrag zum Gestalt-, Struktur- und Funktions-wandel t’úrkischer Stadte. Tubingen: Tübinger Geographische Studien, No. 42.Google Scholar
Ruppert, Helmut. 1969. Beirut: Eine westliche gepräcrte Stadt des Orients. Erlangen: Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, No. 27.Google Scholar
Saari, Eleanore Marie. 1971. “Non-Economic Factors and Systems of Cities: The Impact of Islamic Culture on Egypt’s Urban Settlement Pattern.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Minnesota, Geography.Google Scholar
el-Saaty, Hassan and Hirabayashi, Gordon K. 1959. Industrialization in Alexandria: Some Ecological and Social Aspects. Cairo: Social Science Research Center, American Univ. in Cairo.Google Scholar
Sabagh, Georges. 1970. “The Demography of the Middle East.” Middle East Studies Association Bulletin. 4:2, 1–19.Google Scholar
Said, A.M. 1960. The Growth and Development of Urbanization in Egypt. Cairo: Social Science Research Center, American Univ. in Cairo.Google Scholar
Samizay, Rafi. 1974. “Herati Housing of Afghanistan.” Ekistics. No. 227, 247–51.Google Scholar
Saran, Nephan. 1974. “Squatter Settlement (Gecekondu) Problems in Istanbul,” in Turkey: Geographic and Social Perspectives. pp. 327–61, ed. by Benedict, Peter, Tumertekin, Erol and Mansur, Fatma. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Sauvaget, Jean. 1934. “Esquisses d’une histoire de la ville de Damas.” Revue des Études Islamiques. 8, 421–80.Google Scholar
Sauvaget, Jean. 1941. Alep: Essai sur le développement d’une grand ville Syrienne, des origines au milieu du XIX siècle. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.Google Scholar
Sauvaget, Jean and Cahen, Claude. 1975. Introduction to the History of the Muslim East: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.Google Scholar
Scanlon, George T. “Housing and Sanitation: Some Aspects of Medieval Islamic Service,” in The Islamic City, pp. 179–94, ed. by Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M.. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Scharlau, Kurt. 1961. “Moderne Umgestaltungen im Grundriss iranischer Städte.” Erdkunde. 15:3, 180–91.Google Scholar
Schmitz, Helge. 1973. “Bildung und Wandel zentralortlicher Système in Nord-Marokko.” Erdkunde, 27:2, 120–31.Google Scholar
Scholz, Fred. 1972. “Die raumliche Ordnumg in den Geschaftsvierteln von Karachi und Quetta (Pakistan).” Erdkunde. 26:1, 47–61.Google Scholar
Schultz, Gerald W. 1963. The Anatomy of Turkish Cities: A Comparative Study of Land Use in Six Medium-sized Urban Places. Springfield, Virginia: Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Report No. AD 679 461.Google Scholar
Schurtz, Heinrich. 1901. “Das Bazarwesen als Wirtschaftsform.” Zeitschrift fur Socialwissenschaft. 4:3, 145–67.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Richard M. 1973. “The Structure of Christian-Muslim Relations in Contemporary Iran.” Ph.D. Diss., Washington Univ./St. Louis, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Schweizer, Günther. 1972. “Tabriz (Nordwest-Iran) und der Tábrizer Bazar.” Erdkunde. 26:1, 32–46.Google Scholar
Sebag, Paul. 1959. La Hará de Tunis: L’évolution d’un ghetto nord-africain. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Seger, Martin. 1975. “Strukturelemente der Stadt Teheran und das Modell der modernen orientalischen Stadt.” Erdkunde. 29:1, 21–38.Google Scholar
Sewell, Granville H. 1966. “Squatter Settlements in Turkey: Analysis of a Social, Political and Economic Problem.” Ph.D. Diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Shadman-Valavi, Mohammad. 1974. “An Analysis of the Determinants of Migration in Iran.” Ph.D. Diss., Northwestern Univ., Economics.Google Scholar
Shamekh, Ahmed A. 1975. “Spatial Patterns of Bedouin Settlement in Al-Qasim Region, Saudi Arabia.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Kentucky, Geography.Google Scholar
Sharma, Rabinder K. 1975. “Fertility Determinants in Urban Morocco.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Sociology.Google Scholar
Sharon, Arieh. 1973. Planning Jerusalem: The Master Plan for the Old City of Jerusalem and Its Environs. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Shiber, Saba George. 1964. The Kuwait Urbanization: Being an Urbanistic Case-study of a Developing Country. Kuwait: Privately Printed.Google Scholar
Shiber, Saba George. 1968. Recent Arab City Growth. Kuwait: Government Printing Press.Google Scholar
Shorter, Frederic C. and Tekçe, Belgin. 1974. “The Demographic Determinants of Urbanization in Turkey, 1935–1970,” in Turkey: Geographic and Social Perspectives, pp. 281–94, ed. by Benedict, Peter, Tümertekin, Erol and Mansur, Fatma. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Simms, Rith P. 1965. Urbanization in West Africa: A Review of Current Literature. Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Sommer, John W. 1974. “Spatial Aspects of Urbanization and Political Integration in the Sudan,” in Urbanization. National Development, and Regional Planning in Africa, pp. 27–46, ed. by El-Shakhs, Salah and Obudho, Robert. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Spencer, William. 1976. Algiers in the Acre of the Corsairs. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Spiegel, Erika. 1967. New Towns in Israel; Urban and Regional Planning and Development. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Spooner, Brian and Salzman, Philip C. 1969. “Kirraan and the Middle East: Paul Ward English’s City and Village in Iran: Settlement and Economy in the Kirman Basin.” Iran, 7, 107–13.Google Scholar
Stack, Shannon. 1975. “Herat: A Political and Social Study.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, History.Google Scholar
Stephenson, David. In preparation. Ksar and Medina: A Tunisian Community in Village and City. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago, Dept. of Geography Research Papers.Google Scholar
Stern, S.M. 1970. “The Constitution of the Islamic City,” in The Islamic City, pp. 25–50, ed. by Hourani, A.H. and Stern, S.M.. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
Stewig, Reinhard. 1966. “Bemerkungen zur Entstehung des orientalischen Sackgassengrundrisses am Beispiel der Stadt Istanbul.” Mitteilungen der Osterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft. 108, 25–47.Google Scholar
Stewig, Reinhard. 1970. Bursa. Nordwestanatolien: Strukturwandel einer orientalischen Stadt unter dem Einfluss der Industrialisierung. Kiel: Schriften des Geographischen Instituts der Universität Kiel, Vol. 32.Google Scholar
Stewig, Reinhard. 1973. “Die raumliche Struktur des stationären Einzelhandels in der Stadt Bursa,” in Kulturgeographische Untersuchungen im islamischen Orient, pp. 143–75, ed. by Stewig, Reinhard and Wagner, Horst-Günter. Kiel: Schriften es Geographischen Institute der Universit’át Kiel, Vol. 38.Google Scholar
Suzuki, Peter. 1964. “Encounters with Istanbul: Urban Peasants and Rural Peasants.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology. 5, 208–16.Google Scholar
Tavakolian, Bahram M. 1974. “Economic and Cultural Factors in the Migration of Hamallar to Ankara, Turkey.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Tekeli, Ilhan. 1973. “Evolution of Spatial Organization in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic,” in From Madina to Metropolis. pp. 244–73, ed. by Brown, L. Carl. Princeton: The Darwin Press.Google Scholar
Thaiss, Gustav E. 1971. “The Bazaar as a Case Study of Religion and Social Change,” in Iran Faces the Seventies, pp. 189–216, ed. by Yar-Shater, Ehsan. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Thaiss, Gustav E.. 1973. “Religious Symbolism and Social Change: The Drama of Husain.” Ph.D. Diss., Washington University/St. Louis, Anthropology.Google Scholar
Thompson, Charles T. and Huies, Marilyn J. 1968. “Peasant and Bazaar Marketing Systems as Distinct Types.” Anthropological Quarterly. 41:4, 218–27.Google Scholar
Thoumin, R. 1932. La Maison Syrienne. Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux.Google Scholar
Todorov, Nikolaĭ. 1972. Balgarskiat grad. 15 - 19 V. (The Bulgarian City, 15–19th Centuries). Sofia: Nauka i iskusstvo (In Bulgarian).Google Scholar
TorresBalbás, Leopoldo Balbás, Leopoldo. 1947. “Les Villes musulmanes d’Espagne et leur urbanization.” Annales de l’Institut d’Etudes Orientales. 6, 5–30.Google Scholar
Troin, Jean-Francois. 1965. “Marchés ruraux et influences urbaines dans l’arrière-pays de Rabat.” Revue de Géographie du Maroc. 7, 71–5.Google Scholar
Troin, Jean-Francois. 1971. “Essai méthodologique pour une etude des petites villes en milieu sous-developpe: Les structures commerciales urbaines du Nord marocain.” Annales de Géographie.Google Scholar
Ucko, Peter J.; Tringham, Ruth; and Dimbleby, G.W. 1972. Man. Settlement and Urbanism. London: G. Duckworth and Co.Google Scholar
Ülker, Necmi. “The Rise of Izmir, 1688–1740.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Michigan, History.Google Scholar
U.N., Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. 1964. Administrative Problems of Rapid Urban Growth in the Arab States. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
U.N.E.S.O.B. 1970. “Report on the Social Survey of Amman, Jordan, 1966,” in Studies on Social Development in the Middle East. 1969. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Verhaegen, Paul. 1962. L’Urbanisation de l’Afrique Noir: son cadre, son causes et ses consequences économique, sociales et culturelles. Brussels: Centre de documentation, économique et sociale africaine.Google Scholar
Vidal, F.S. 1955. The Oasis of Al-Hasa. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: Arabian American Oil Company.Google Scholar
Vieille, Paul and Mohseni, K. 1969. “Ecologie culturelle d’une ville islamique: Tehran.” Revue Géographique de l’Est. 9:3–4, 315–59.Google Scholar
Wagner, Horst-Gunter. 1973. “Die Souks in der Medina von Tunis: Versuch einer Standortanalyse von Einzelhandel und Handwerk in einer nordafrikanischen Stadt,” in Kulturgeographische Untersuchungen im islamischen Orient, pp. 91–142, ed. by Stewig, Reinhard and Wagner, Horst-Gunter. Kiel: Schriften des Geographischen Instituts der Universität Kiel, Vol. 38.Google Scholar
Waldon, Sidney. 1974. “Social Organization and Social Control in the Walled City of Harar, Ethiopia.” Ph.D. Diss., Columbia Univ., Anthropology.Google Scholar
Weulersse, Jacques. 1934. “Antioche: Essai de géographie urbaine.” Bulletin d’Études Orientales. 4, 27–80.Google Scholar
Weulersse, Jacques. 1938. “La primauté des citées dans l’économie syrienne.” Congrès International de Géographie (Amsterdam). 3:3A, 233–39.Google Scholar
Weulersse, Jacques. 1946. Paysans de Syrie et du Proche-Orient. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Wheatley, Paul. 1971. Pivot of the Four Quarters: A Preliminary Enquiry into the Origins and Character of the Ancient Chinese City. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Wheatley, Paul and Fox, William. In preparation. The Centers Where Men Pray Together: An Appraisal of the Islamic City (Tentative Title).Google Scholar
Whitehouse, David. Begin 1968. “Excavations at Siraf” (Interim Reports). Iran. 6 ff.Google Scholar
Wiche, Konrad. 1957. “Marokkanische Stadttypen,” in Festschrift zur Hundertiahrfeier der Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wjen: 1856–1956. pp. 485–527. Vienna: Geographische Gesellschaft.Google Scholar
Wiebe, Dietrich. 1973. “Struktur und Funktion eines Serais in der Altstadt von Kabul,” in Kulturgeographische Untersuchungen im islamischen Orient, pp. 213–40, ed. by Stewig, Reinhard and Wagner, Horst-Günter. Kiel: Schriften des Geographischen Instituts der Universitat Kiel, Vol. 38.Google Scholar
Wiet, Gaston. 1964. Cairo: City of Art and Commerce. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Wiet, Gaston. 1971. Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Winters, Christopher. 1973. “Cities of the Pondo: The Geography of Urbanism in the Interior Niger Delta of Mali.” Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Geography.Google Scholar
Winters, Christopher. 1976. “Traditional Urbanism in the North-Central Sudan: An Essay in Urban Classification.” Paper presented at the session on “The Middle Eastern City,” Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, New York City.Google Scholar
Wirth, Eugen. 1968. “Strukturwandlungen und Entwicklungstendenzen der orientalischen Stadt.” Erdkunde. 22:2, 101–28.Google Scholar
Wirth, Eugen. 1973. “Die Beziehungen der orientalisch-islamischen Stadt zum umgebenden Lande: Ein Beitrag zur Theorie des Rentenkapitalismus,” in Geographie heute: Einheit und Vielfalt. Ernst Plewe zu seinem 65. Geburtstaq. pp. 323–33, ed. by Meynen, E.. Wiesbaden: (Geographische Zeitschrift. 33).Google Scholar
Wirth, Eugen. 1974–75. “Zum Problem des Bazars (sūq çarşi).” Der Islam. 51:2, 203–60; 52:1, 6–46.Google Scholar
Wirth, Eugen. 1975. “Die orientalische Stadt: Ein Uberblick aufgrund jüngerer Forschungen zur materiellen Kultur.” Saeculum. 26:1, 45–94.Google Scholar
Wright, Henry. 1969. The Administration of Rural Production in an Early Mesopotamian Town. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology, Anthropology Paper, No. 38.Google Scholar
Ziadeh, Nicola A. 1953. Urban Life in Syria Under the Early Mamluks. Beirut: American Univ. of Beirut.Google Scholar
Ziadeh, Nicola A.. 1964. Damascus Under the Mamluks. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar