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Multifaceted analysis reveals diet and kinship of Late Pleistocene ‘Tumat Puppies’

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2025

Anne Kathrine Wiborg Runge ,
Jonas Niemann ,
Mietje Germonpré ,
Dorothée G. Drucker ,
Hervé Bocherens Open the ORCID record for Hervé Bocherens [Opens in a new window] ,
Kseniia Boxleitner ,
Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal ,
Anna Linderholm Open the ORCID record for Anna Linderholm [Opens in a new window] ,
David W.G. Stanton  and
Alexandr Kandyba Open the ORCID record for Alexandr Kandyba [Opens in a new window]
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Anne Kathrine Wiborg Runge
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of York, YO10 5NG York, UK GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Jonas Niemann
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of York, YO10 5NG York, UK GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Mietje Germonpré
Affiliation:
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
Dorothée G. Drucker
Affiliation:
Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (S-HEP), University of Tubingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
Hervé Bocherens
Affiliation:
Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (S-HEP), University of Tubingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Kseniia Boxleitner
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany
Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal
Affiliation:
GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Evolutionary Hologenomics, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
Anna Linderholm
Affiliation:
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
David W.G. Stanton
Affiliation:
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, UK Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
Alexandr Kandyba
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Jonathan Brecko
Affiliation:
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussel, Belgium Royal Museum for Central Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
Martine Van den Broeck
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Robert Losey
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4, Canada
Jannikke Räikkönen
Affiliation:
Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Environmental Monitoring and Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
Mikhail Sablin
Affiliation:
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
Julia Stagegaard
Affiliation:
Ree Park Safari, 8400 Ebeltoft, Denmark
Shyam Gopalakrishnan
Affiliation:
GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Evolutionary Hologenomics, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
Sergey Fedorov
Affiliation:
Mammoth Museum of North-Eastern Federal University, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
Affiliation:
GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Evolutionary Hologenomics, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Nathan Wales*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of York, YO10 5NG York, UK
*
Corresponding author: Nathan Wales; Email: nathan.wales@york.ac.uk
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Abstract

Distinguishing early domesticates from their wild progenitors presents a significant obstacle for understanding human-mediated effects in the past. The origin of dogs is particularly controversial because potential early dog remains often lack corroborating evidence that can provide secure links between proposed dog remains and human activity. The Tumat Puppies, two permafrost-preserved Late Pleistocene canids, have been hypothesized to have been littermates and early domesticates due to a physical association with putatively butchered mammoth bones. Through a combination of osteometry, stable isotope analysis, plant macrofossil analysis, and genomic and metagenomic analyses, this study exploits the unique properties of the naturally mummified Tumat Puppies to examine their familial relationship and to determine whether dietary information links them to human activities. The multifaceted analysis reveals that the 14,965–14,046 cal yr BP Tumat Puppies were littermates who inhabited a dry and relatively mild environment with heterogeneous vegetation and consumed a diverse diet, including woolly rhinoceros in their final days. However, because there is no evidence of mammoth consumption, these data do not establish a link between the canids and ancient humans.

Keywords

Osteometrystable isotope analysismacrofossilsmetagenomicsancient DNApaleogenomicscanidsdog domestication

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Type
Research Article
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Quaternary Research , First View , pp. 1 - 15
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Quaternary Research Center.

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