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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2025
Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) astrometry is used to determine the three-dimensional position and proper motion of astronomical objects. A typical VLBI astrometric campaign generally includes around ten observations, making it challenging to characterise systematic uncertainties. Our study on two bright pulsars, B0329+54 and B1133+16, involves analysis of broadband Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data over ∼ 30 epochs (spanning approximately 3.5 years). This extended dataset has significantly improved the precision of the astrometric estimates of these pulsars. Our broadband study suggests that, as expected, the primary contribution to systematic uncertainties in L-band VLBI astrometry originates from the ionosphere. We have also assessed the effectiveness of the modified TEC (total electron content) mapping function, which converts vertical TEC to slant TEC, in correcting ionospheric dispersive delays using global TEC maps. The astrometric parameters (parallax and proper motion) obtained from the multiple data sets, calibrated using the traditional and the modified TEC mapping functions, are consistent. However, the reduced chi-square values from least-squares fitting and precision of the fitted astrometric parameters show no significant improvement, and hence, the effectiveness of the new TEC mapping function on astrometry is unclear. For B0329+54, the refined parallax estimate is mas, with best-fit proper motion of
in R.A. and and
in Dec. These correspond to a distance of
kpc and a transverse velocity of ∼ 154 km s–1. For B1133+16, the new estimated parallax is
mas, with proper motions of
and
, implying a distance of
pc and a transverse velocity of ∼ 656 km s–1. The proper motions of B0329+54 and B1133+16 are consistent within 1σ of the most precise values reported in the literature to date while achieving more than a twofold improvement in precision. Similarly, the parallax measurements for both pulsars show a ∼ 73% enhancement in precision, with differences of approximately < 1σ compared to the most precise published values to date.