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On determining the chemical composition of planetary nebulae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2025

Grażyna Stasińska Open the ORCID record for Grażyna Stasińska [Opens in a new window]
Grażyna Stasińska*
Affiliation:
LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; Place Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France
*
Email: grazyna.stasinska@obspm.fr
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Abstract

We present literature on abundance determinations in planetary nebulae (PN) as well as public tools that can be used to derive them. Concerning direct methods to derive abundances we discuss in some depth such issues as reddening correction, use of proper densities and temperatures to compute the abundances, correction for unseen ionic stages, effect of stellar absorption on nebular spectra, and error analysis. Concerning photoionization model-fitting, we discuss the necessary ingredients of model stellar atmospheres, the problem of incomplete slit covering and the determination of the goodness of fit. A note on the use of IFU observations is given. The still unsolved problem of temperature fluctuations is briefly presented, with references to more detailed papers. The problem of abundance discrepancies is touched upon with reference to more extensive discussions in the present volume. Finally carbon footprint issues are mentioned in the context of extensive PN modeling and large databases.

Keywords

atomic datadustextinctionISM: abundancesplanetary nebulae: general

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Type
Contributed Paper
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 19 , Symposium S384: Planetary Nebulae: A Universal Toolbox in the Era of Precision Astrophysics , December 2023 , pp. 122 - 135
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Astronomical Union

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