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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 October 2025
The diagnostic diagrams are fundamental tools that require an upgrade, and this research marks the initial steps toward the development of advanced N-dimensional diagnostic charts by combining integral field spectroscopy and clustering techniques. Using this potent combination of methodologies, the preliminary findings have facilitated the precise differentiation of morphological components within NGC 3242, NGC 6369, NGC 6778, and NGC 7009 within a five-dimensional framework.