The lichen flora and habitats in the Syowa region of continental Antarctica were surveyed. The distribution patterns of lichens appear to reflect habitat salinity, derived from wind-blown sea spray. Some halotolerant species are established in saline habitats where snow dunes are well developed. Snow and ice ameliorate the salinity of the habitat and provide a major source of moisture for lichens. Wind-borne drift snow carried by katabatic winds or occasional snow showers also provide the source of moisture to lichens growing on dry rock habitats in the Syowa region.