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Medusae morphogenesis by tissue regeneration: a case study on Cassiopea xamachana Bigelow, 1892 (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2025

Lakshmanan Ranjith Open the ORCID record for Lakshmanan Ranjith [Opens in a new window] ,
Raju Saravanan ,
Sivadas Sobhana Kizhakkecheruvil ,
Chellappa Kalidas ,
Dhanasekaran Linga Prabu ,
Sugumar Ramkumar ,
Amarnath Mathan Babu ,
Dharmaraj Sarathapriya ,
Asha Payikat Sahadevan  and
George Grinson Open the ORCID record for George Grinson [Opens in a new window]
Lakshmanan Ranjith*
Affiliation:
Tuticorin Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thoothukudi, TN, India Division of Research System Management, ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), Hyderabad, TG, India
Raju Saravanan
Affiliation:
Mandapam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ramanathapuram, TN, India
Sivadas Sobhana Kizhakkecheruvil
Affiliation:
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, KL, India
Chellappa Kalidas
Affiliation:
Tuticorin Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thoothukudi, TN, India
Dhanasekaran Linga Prabu
Affiliation:
Tuticorin Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thoothukudi, TN, India
Sugumar Ramkumar
Affiliation:
Mumbai Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai, MH, India
Amarnath Mathan Babu
Affiliation:
Tuticorin Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thoothukudi, TN, India
Dharmaraj Sarathapriya
Affiliation:
Tuticorin Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thoothukudi, TN, India
Asha Payikat Sahadevan
Affiliation:
Tuticorin Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Thoothukudi, TN, India
George Grinson
Affiliation:
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, KL, India
*
Corresponding author: Lakshmanan Ranjith; Email: ranjith_bfsc@yahoo.co.in, ranjith.l@icar.org.in
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Abstract

This pioneering study examined the wound healing and regeneration abilities of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea at the Cnidarian Laboratory of the ICAR-Tuticorin Regional Station, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), India. A total of nine specimens (5.8 ± 0.4 cm) were studied, including six control medusae, one accidentally injured jellyfish (cut into four unequal fragments), and two amputated jellyfish (each divided into four equal fragments, totalling eight fragments). All specimens were maintained in a recirculatory aquarium system under optimal seawater conditions. Species identification of the control was confirmed through Basic Local Alingment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, showing 98.91% similarity with Cassiopea xamachana (Bigelow 1892), from the United States of America (USA) GenBank Accession No. ON545804.1, and validated through phylogenetic analysis. Microscopic and morphological observations revealed that the oral arm tissue lacked pulsing activity and could not regenerate its body structure. In contrast, fragments of umbrella tissue from both amputated and injured specimens exhibited pulsing and successfully regained symmetry within 7–15 days. The first phase of self-healing involved the reformation of umbrella symmetry, regeneration of bell tissue, and resumed functions similar to those of the normal medusa. The development of canal systems, including anastomosing vessels radiating from the centre, oral arms extending from the mouth, vesicles from the arms, and the central disc, was documented. The experimental observations revealed sequential wound healing through regeneration and morphogenesis in amputated and injured medusa. This study established Cassiopea as a promising cnidarian model organism for regeneration studies, highlighting its remarkable self-repairing and regenerative capabilities.

Keywords

body structuresregenerationRhizostomeaeself-repairumbrella tissuewound healing

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 105 , 2025 , e112
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

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