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Plate induced tones in installed supersonic jets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2025

Hasan Kamliya Jawahar Open the ORCID record for Hasan Kamliya Jawahar [Opens in a new window]  and
Kabilan Baskaran Open the ORCID record for Kabilan Baskaran [Opens in a new window]
Hasan Kamliya Jawahar
Affiliation:
School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
Kabilan Baskaran*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
*
Corresponding author: Kabilan Baskaran, kabilan@iitism.ac.in
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Abstract

An experimental investigation is conducted to examine the tonal noise generation and flow structures of under-expanded jets interacting with a flat plate. The study combines surface pressure, far-field noise and time-resolved Schlieren visualisations to analyse jet dynamics across a range of isentropic Mach numbers (1.1–1.44) and jet-to-plate distances ($H/D$ = 1, 1.5 and 2.5). The results reveal a distinctly non-monotonic relationship between plate height and the amplitude of screech and plate-induced tones. This behaviour is governed by the constructive and destructive interference between the direct acoustic feedback waves of the jet and those reflected from the plate surface. This interference dictates whether the inherent screech mechanism is suppressed or a new plate-induced tone is amplified. Dynamic mode decomposition and wavenumber-spectral analysis reveal that the plate interaction disrupts the balance between downstream-propagating Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities and upstream-travelling acoustic waves, fundamentally altering the jet’s resonant feedback loops. A key contribution of this work is the establishment of a direct link between flow dynamics and acoustics through advanced statistical analysis. It is shown that the plate installation asymmetrically amplifies the energy of coherent structures within the jet’s lower shear layer. Crucially, the energy content of these dominant shear-layer structures is found to be the primary driver of the far-field tonal noise magnitude. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the complex coupling between flow and acoustics in installed supersonic jets and offer refined guidance for the development of noise mitigation strategies.

JFM classification

Acoustics: Aeroacoustics Acoustics: Jet noise Compressible Flows: Supersonic flow

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JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1021 , 25 October 2025 , A9
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

Kamliya Jawahar and Baskaran supplementary movie

Instantaneous Schlieren visualization of an isolated jet and an installed jet at H/D = 1 and M = 1.44.
Download Kamliya Jawahar and Baskaran supplementary movie(File)
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