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Density-ratio effects on the capture of suspended particles in aquatic systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2015

Alexis Espinosa-Gayosso ,
Marco Ghisalberti ,
Gregory N. Ivey  and
Nicole L. Jones
Alexis Espinosa-Gayosso*
Affiliation:
Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Marco Ghisalberti
Affiliation:
Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Gregory N. Ivey
Affiliation:
Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Nicole L. Jones
Affiliation:
Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
*
†Email address for correspondence: Alexis.Espinosa-Gayosso@uwa.edu.au
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Abstract

Particle capture, whereby suspended particles contact and adhere to a solid surface (a ‘collector’), is important in a range of environmental processes, including suspension feeding by corals and ‘filtering’ by aquatic vegetation. Although aquatic particles are often considered as perfect tracers when estimating capture efficiency, the particle density ratio ( ${\it\rho}^{+}$ ) – the ratio of the particle density to the fluid density – can significantly affect capture. In this paper, we use a numerical analysis of particle trajectories to quantify the influence of ${\it\rho}^{+}$ on particle capture by circular collectors in a parameter space relevant to aquatic systems. As it is generally believed that inertia augments the capture efficiency when the Stokes number ( $\mathit{St}$ ) of the particles exceeds a critical value, we first estimate the critical Stokes number for aquatic-type particles and demonstrate its dependence on both ${\it\rho}^{+}$ and the Reynolds number ( $\mathit{Re}$ ). Second, we analyse how efficiently circular collectors can capture neutrally buoyant ( ${\it\rho}^{+}=1$ ), sediment-type ( ${\it\rho}^{+}=2.6$ ) and weakly buoyant ( ${\it\rho}^{+}=0.9$ ) aquatic particles. Our analysis shows that, for ${\it\rho}^{+}>1$ , inertia can either augment or diminish capture efficiency, and inertial effects appear well before the critical Stokes number is reached. The role of particle inertia is maximised at Stokes numbers above the critical value and, for sediment-type particles, can result in as much as a fourfold increase in the rate of capture relative to perfect tracers of the same size. Similar but opposite effects are observed for weakly buoyant particles, where capture efficiency can decrease by 60 % relative to the capture of perfect tracers.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Biological Fluid Dynamics Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows Complex Fluids: Suspensions

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Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 783 , 25 November 2015 , pp. 191 - 210
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© 2015 Cambridge University Press 

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