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Control of hypersonic boundary-layer transition by suppressing fundamental resonance using surface heating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2025

Xiaoyang Ji Open the ORCID record for Xiaoyang Ji [Opens in a new window] ,
Ming Dong Open the ORCID record for Ming Dong [Opens in a new window]  and
Lei Zhao
Xiaoyang Ji
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, PR China
Ming Dong*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
Lei Zhao*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China National Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power System, Tianjin 300350, PR China
*
Corresponding authors: Ming Dong, dongming@imech.ac.cn; Lei Zhao, lei_zhao@tju.edu.cn
Corresponding authors: Ming Dong, dongming@imech.ac.cn; Lei Zhao, lei_zhao@tju.edu.cn
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Abstract

This paper focuses on the concept of delaying laminar–turbulent transition in hypersonic boundary layers by stabilising fundamental resonance (FR), a key nonlinear mechanism in which finite-amplitude Mack modes support the rapid growth of oblique perturbations. As a pioneering demonstration of this control strategy, we introduce surface heating applied exclusively during the nonlinear phase. Unlike traditional control methods that target the linear phase, the suppressive effect of surface heating on secondary instability modes during FR is evident across various Reynolds numbers, wall temperatures and fundamental frequencies, as confirmed by direct numerical simulations (DNS) and secondary instability analyses (SIA). To gain deeper insights into this control concept, an asymptotic analysis is conducted, revealing an almost linear relationship between the suppression effect and the heating intensity. The asymptotic predictions align overall with the DNS and SIA calculations. The asymptotic theory reveals that the suppression effect of FR is primarily influenced by modifications to the fundamental-mode profile, while mean-flow distortion has a comparatively modest yet opposing impact on this process. This research presents a promising approach to controlling transition considering the nonlinear evolution of boundary-layer perturbations, demonstrating advantages over conventional methods that are sensitive to frequency variations.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer stability Boundary Layers: Boundary layer control

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Type
JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1015 , 25 July 2025 , A49
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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