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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 July 2016
The functional equation ϕ(mu) = h(ϕ(u)) where is a probability generating function with 1 < m = h'(1 –) < ∞ and
where F(t) is a non-decreasing right continuous function with F(0 –) = 0, F(0 +) < 1 and F(+ ∞) = 1 arises in a Galton-Watson process in a natural way. We prove here that for any
if and only if
This unifies several results in the literature on the supercritical Galton-Watson process. We generalize this to an age dependent branching process case as well.