The IPA/Bayer Research Awards in Psychogeriatrics recognize unpublished original research of exceptional scientific value, interest, and clarity. The three papers that received the 1995 awards are the result of exciting, important research on (a) the health consequences in late life of earlier episodes of depression; (b) the diagnostic conception of noninfarct, single-infarct, and multiple-infarct vascular dementia as parts of a single entity; and (c) a comparison of the language deficits of patients with brain damage and those with early stage dementia of the Alzheimer type.