Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-plnhv Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2025-08-26T09:54:10.922Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Immunization of the Neonate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2009

Alexander R. Lawton
Alexander R. Lawton
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The generation of diversity of T and B cells begins early in gestation. Selective restrictions in expression of V genes occur in fetal life, but insufficient clonal diversity is not likely to limit newborn immune capabilities. The functional immaturity of neonatal T and B cells is beginning to be defined. Virgin T cells lack the capacity to produce diverse lymphokines, whereas neonatal B cells are less responsive to the lymphokines that promote terminal differentiation to plasma cells.

Information

Type
Special Section: Vaccines and Public Health: Assessing Technologies and Public Policies
Information
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , Winter 1994 , pp. 154 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

1.Adderson, E. E., Johnston, M. J., Shackelford, P. G., et al. Development of the human antibody repertoire. Pediatric Research, 1992, 32, 257–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Bloom, B. R., Modlin, R. L., & Salgame, P.Stigma variations: Observations on suppressor T cells and leprosy. Annual Review of Immunology, 1992, 10, 453–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Bofill, M., Janossy, G., Janossa, M., et al. Human B cell development. Journal of Immunology, 1985, 134, 1531–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Campana, D., Janossy, G., Coustan-Smith, E., et al. The expression of T cell receptor-associated proteins during T cell ontogeny in man. Journal of Immunology, 1989, 142, 57–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Cancro, M. P., Wylie, D. E., Gerhard, W., et al. Patterned acquisition of the antibody repertoire: Diversity of the hemagglutinin-specific B cell repertoire in neonatal Balb/C mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1979, 76, 6577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Casali, P., & Notkins, A. L.Probing the human B cell repertoire with EBV; polyreactive antibodies and CD5+ B lymphocytes. Annual Review of Immunology, 1989, 7, 513–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Clement, L. T., Vink, P. E., & Bradley, G. E.Novel immunoregulatory functions of phenotypically distinct subpopulations of CD4+ cells in the human neonate. Journal of Immunology, 1990, 145, 102–08.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Clement, L. T., Yamashita, N., & Martin, A. M.The functionally distinct subpopulations of human helper/inducer T lymphocytes defined by anti CD45R antibodies derive sequentially from a differentiation pathway that is regulated by activation-dependent postthymic differentiation. Journal of Immunology, 1988, 141, 1464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Conley, M. E., & Cooper, M. D.Immature IgA B cells in IgA deficient patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 1982, 305, 495–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Dighiero, G., Lumberi, P., Holmberg, D., et al. High frequency of natural autoantibodies in normal newborn mice. Journal of Immunology, 1985, 134, 765–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Doherty, P. J., Roifman, C. M., Paan, S. H., et al. Expression of the human T cell receptor V beta repertoire. Molecular Immunology, 1991, 28, 607–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Ehlers, S., & Smith, K. A.Differentiation of T cell lymphokine gene expression: The in vitro acquisition of T cell memory. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1991, 173, 25–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Fiorilli, M., Crescenzi, M., Caronari, M., et al. Phenotypically immature IgG-bearing B cells in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Journal of Clinical Immunology, 1986, 6, 21–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Gandini, M., Kubagawa, H., Gathings, W. E., et al. Expression of three immunoglobulin isotypes by individual B cells during development: Implication for heavy chain switching. A merican Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 1981, 1, 161–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Gathings, W. E., Lawton, A. R., & Cooper, M. D.Immunofluorescent studies on the development of pre-B cells, B lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin isotype diversity. European Journal of Immunology, 1977, 7, 804–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Goodnow, C. C.Transgenic mice and analysis of B cell tolerance. Annual Review of Immunology, 1992, 10, 489–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Guigou, V., Guilbert, B., Moinier, D., et al. Ig repertoire of human polyspecific antibodies and B cell ontogeny. Journal of Immunology, 1991, 146, 1368–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Haynes, B. F., Martin, M. E., Kay, H. H., et al. Early events in human T cell ontogeny. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1988, 168, 1061–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Hayward, A. R., & Groothuis, J.Development of T cells with memory phenotype in infancy. Advances in Experimental Medicine in Biology, 1991, 310, 71–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Hayward, A. R., & Lawton, A. R.Induction of plasma cell differentiation of human fetal lymphocytes: Evidence for functional immaturity of T and B cells. Journal of Immunology, 1977, 119, 1213–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Hayward, A. R., Lee, J., & Beverley, P. C.Ontogeny of expression of UCHL1 antigen on TcR-1 + (CD4/8) and TcR delta + T cells. European Journal of Immunology, 1989, 19, 771–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Jeong, H. D., & Teale, J. M.Contribution of the CD5+ B cell to D-proximal VH family expression early in ontogeny. Journal of Immunology, 1990, 145, 2725–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Kappler, J. W., Roehm, M., & Marrack, P.T cell tolerance by clonal selection in the thymus. Cell, 1987, 49, 273–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Kipps, T. J., Robbins, B. A., & Carson, D. A.Uniform high frequency expression of autoantibody-associated crossreactive idiotypes in the primary B cell follicles of human fetal spleen. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1990, 171, 189–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.LeJuene, J. M., Briles, D. E., Lawton, A. R., et al. Estimate of the light chain repertoire size of fetal and adult BALB/cJ and CBA/J mice. Journal of Immunology, 1982, 129, 673–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Lewis, D. B., Yu, C. C., Meyer, J., et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms for reduced interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma production by neonatal T cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1991, 87, 194–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Metcalf, E. S., & Klinman, N. R.In vitro tolerance induction of neonatal murine B cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1976, 143, 1327–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Moss, P. A. H., Rosenberg, W. M. C., & Bell, J. I.The human T cell receptor in health and disease. Annual Review of Immunology, 1992, 10, 71–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Perlmutter, R. M., Kearney, J. F., Chang, S. P., et al. Developmentally controlled expression of immunoglobulin VH genes. Science, 1985, 227, 1597–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Raulet, D. H.The structure, function, and molecular genetics of the gamma delta T cell receptor. Annual Review of Immunology, 1989, 7, 175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Schroeder, H. W. Jr, Hillson, J. L., & Perlmutter, R. M.Early restriction of the human antibody repertoire. Science, 1987, 238, 791–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Sigal, N. H., Pickard, A. R., Metcalf, E. S., et al. Expression of phosphorylcholine-specific B cells during murine development. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1977, 146, 933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Solvason, N., & Kearney, J. F.The human fetal omentum: A site of B cell generation. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1992, 175, 397–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Splawski, J. B., Jelinek, D. F., & Lipsky, P. E.Delineation of the functional capacity of human neonatal lymphocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1991, 87, 545–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Splawski, J. B., & Lipsky, P. E.Cytokine regulation of immunoglobulin secretion by neonatal lymphocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1991, 88, 967–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Vakil, M., & Kearney, J.Functional characterization of monoclonal auto-anti-idiotype antibodies isolated from the early B cell repertoire of BALB/c mice. European Journal of Immunology, 1986, 16, 1151–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Vakil, M., Sauter, –, Paige, C., & Kearney, J.In vivo suppression of perinatal multispecific B cells results in a distortion of the adult B cell repertoire. European Journal of Immunology, 1986, 16, 1159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.von Boehmer, H.Developmental biology of T cells in T cell receptor transgenic mice. Annual Review of Immunology, 1990, 8, 531–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Wilson, C. B., Lewis, D. B., & English, K. B.T cell development in the fetus and neonate. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1991, 310, 17–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Wilson, R. K., Lai, E., Concannon, P., et al. Structure, organization, and polymorphism of human T cell receptor alpha and beta gene families. Immunological Reviews, 1988, 101, 149–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar