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A novel SIW 4 × 4 Butler matrix multi-beam antenna with high bandwidth for millimeter-wave design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2025

Ming-An Chung Open the ORCID record for Ming-An Chung [Opens in a new window] ,
Chia-Chun Hsu  and
Chia-Wei Lin
Ming-An Chung*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
Chia-Chun Hsu
Affiliation:
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
Chia-Wei Lin
Affiliation:
Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
*
Corresponding author: Ming-An Chung; Email: mingannchung@ntut.edu.tw
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Abstract

This paper proposes a 38 GHz multi-beam wide bandwidth antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix. The proposed Butler matrix removes the 0° phase shifter and only consists of −90° hybrid coupler, crossover, and −45° phase shifter. A 4 × 4 Butler matrix is combined with a patch antenna to form a multibeam-wide bandwidth antenna that can switch beam angle. The antenna is integrated based on the SIW structure to produce ideal beam directions of −45, 15, −14, and 44°, and has low side lobe characteristics, allowing the antenna to maintain good transmission quality. The antenna can cover 33–42 GHz from the simulation and measurement results, with an effective bandwidth of about 24%. The antenna is easily fabricated on a single-layer planar substrate and is cost-effective. In addition, the antenna complies with human body radiation standards and will be widely competitive in the millimeter-wave in the future.

Keywords

Butler matrix (BM)fifth generation (5G)millimeter-wave (mm-wave)multibeam antennasubstrate integrated waveguide (SIW)

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , First View , pp. 1 - 17
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

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