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International Scientific Experience in the Study of Illicit Enrichment: Criminalistics and Forensic Dimension

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2025

Ruslan Bilokin*
Affiliation:
Department of Law, Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Poltava, Ukraine

Abstract

This study analyses international scientific approaches to illicit enrichment within forensic and criminalistics frameworks, aiming to identify ways to enhance these methods in combatting financial crime. A comparative analysis was conducted of legal practices and scientific methods in Ukraine, the United States, the United Kingdom and Poland – countries facing challenges in addressing illicit enrichment. Special attention was given to emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and cryptocurrencies due to their promising role in detecting financial crimes. The research methodology combined an analysis of international experience with a review of relevant legal frameworks and initiatives. Findings indicate that integrating advanced technologies into the detection of illicit assets, including cryptocurrency transactions, significantly strengthens financial crime prevention. However, legal constraints and evolving criminal tactics necessitate better international coordination and regulatory refinement. While the legislative systems of the examined countries generally align with global standards, they require improvements in asset recovery and financial monitoring mechanisms. The study recommends enhancing analytical tools, deploying cutting-edge technologies, fostering international cooperation and certifying experts in financial forensics. Overall, the results underscore the need for modernized legal and technical approaches to ensure more effective surveillance and control of financial flows at the international level.

Abstracto

Abstracto

Este estudio analiza los enfoques científicos internacionales sobre el enriquecimiento ilícito dentro de los marcos forense y criminalístico, con el objetivo de identificar maneras de mejorar estos métodos en la lucha contra los delitos financieros. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de las prácticas legales y los métodos científicos en Ucrania, Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido y Polonia, países que enfrentan desafíos para abordar el enriquecimiento ilícito. Se prestó especial atención a las tecnologías emergentes como la inteligencia artificial, la cadena de bloques (blockchain) y las criptomonedas, debido a su prometedor papel en la detección de delitos financieros. La metodología de investigación combinó un análisis de la experiencia internacional con una revisión de los marcos legales e iniciativas pertinentes. Los hallazgos indican que la integración de tecnologías avanzadas en la detección de activos ilícitos, incluidas las transacciones con criptomonedas, fortalece significativamente la prevención de los delitos financieros. Sin embargo, las restricciones legales y la evolución de las tácticas delictivas requieren una mejor coordinación internacional y un perfeccionamiento regulatorio. Si bien los sistemas legislativos de los países examinados generalmente se ajustan a los estándares globales, requieren mejoras en los mecanismos de recuperación de activos y monitoreo financiero. El estudio recomienda mejorar las herramientas analíticas, implementar tecnologías de vanguardia, fomentar la cooperación internacional y certificar a expertos en análisis forense financiero. En general, los resultados subrayan la necesidad de enfoques jurídicos y técnicos modernizados para garantizar una vigilancia y un control más eficaces de los flujos financieros a nivel internacional.

Abstrait

Abstrait

Cette étude analyse les approches scientifiques internationales de l’enrichissement illicite dans le cadre de la criminalistique et de la criminalistique, afin d’identifier les moyens d’améliorer ces méthodes pour lutter contre la criminalité financière. Une analyse comparative des pratiques juridiques et des méthodes scientifiques en Ukraine, aux États-Unis, au Royaume-Uni et en Pologne, pays confrontés à des difficultés dans la lutte contre l’enrichissement illicite, a été menée. Une attention particulière a été accordée aux technologies émergentes telles que l’intelligence artificielle, la blockchain et les cryptomonnaies, en raison de leur rôle prometteur dans la détection des crimes financiers. La méthodologie de recherche a combiné une analyse de l’expérience internationale avec un examen des cadres et initiatives juridiques pertinents. Les résultats indiquent que l’intégration de technologies avancées dans la détection des actifs illicites, y compris les transactions en cryptomonnaies, renforce considérablement la prévention de la criminalité financière. Cependant, les contraintes juridiques et l’évolution des tactiques criminelles nécessitent une meilleure coordination internationale et un perfectionnement de la réglementation. Si les systèmes législatifs des pays examinés sont généralement conformes aux normes mondiales, ils nécessitent des améliorations en matière de recouvrement d’avoirs et de mécanismes de surveillance financière. L’étude recommande d’améliorer les outils d’analyse, de déployer des technologies de pointe, de favoriser la coopération internationale et de certifier les experts en criminalistique financière. Globalement, les résultats soulignent la nécessité de moderniser les approches juridiques et techniques afin d’assurer une surveillance et un contrôle plus efficaces des flux financiers au niveau international.

摘要

摘要

本研究分析了法医和刑事侦查学框架内国际上针对非法致富的科学方法,旨在探索如何改进这些方法以打击金融犯罪。本研究对乌克兰、美国、英国和波兰等在打击非法致富方面面临挑战的国家的法律实践和科学方法进行了比较分析。由于人工智能 (AI)、区块链和加密货币等新兴技术在侦查金融犯罪方面具有广阔的应用前景,本研究特别关注这些技术。研究方法将国际经验分析与相关法律框架和举措的审查相结合。研究结果表明,将先进技术融入非法资产(包括加密货币交易)的侦查中,可以显著加强金融犯罪的预防。然而,法律约束和犯罪手段的不断演变要求加强国际协调和完善监管。虽然受调查国家的立法体系总体上与全球标准接轨,但它们在资产追回和金融监控机制方面仍需改进。本研究建议增强分析工具,部署尖端技术,促进国际合作,并对金融法医专家进行认证。总体而言,研究结果强调,需要采用现代化的法律和技术方法,以确保在国际层面更有效地监督和控制资金流动。

ملخص

ملخص

ملخصتُحلل هذه الدراسة المناهج العلمية الدولية المتبعة في مكافحة الإثراء غير المشروع ضمن أطر الطب الشرعي والطب الجنائي، بهدف تحديد سبل تعزيز هذه الأساليب في مكافحة الجرائم المالية. أُجري تحليل مقارن للممارسات القانونية والأساليب العلمية في أوكرانيا والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والمملكة المتحدة وبولندا، وهي دول تواجه تحديات في التصدي للإثراء غير المشروع. وقد أولي اهتمام خاص للتقنيات الناشئة، مثل الذكاء الاصطناعي وسلسلة الكتل (البلوك تشين) والعملات المشفرة، نظرًا لدورها الواعد في الكشف عن الجرائم المالية. وقد جمعت منهجية البحث بين تحليل التجارب الدولية ومراجعة الأطر والمبادرات القانونية ذات الصلة. وتشير النتائج إلى أن دمج التقنيات المتقدمة في الكشف عن الأصول غير المشروعة، بما في ذلك معاملات العملات المشفرة، يُعزز بشكل كبير جهود منع الجرائم المالية. ومع ذلك، فإن القيود القانونية والأساليب الإجرامية المتطورة تتطلب تنسيقًا دوليًا أفضل وصقلًا تنظيميًا. وبينما تتوافق الأنظمة التشريعية للدول المدروسة عمومًا مع المعايير العالمية، إلا أنها تتطلب تحسينات في آليات استرداد الأصول والمراقبة المالية. توصي الدراسة بتعزيز الأدوات التحليلية، ونشر أحدث التقنيات، وتعزيز التعاون الدولي، واعتماد خبراء في مجال الأدلة الجنائية المالية. وبشكل عام، تؤكد النتائج على الحاجة إلى مناهج قانونية وفنية حديثة لضمان مراقبة وضبط أكثر فعالية للتدفقات المالية على المستوى الدولي.

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© International Society of Criminology, 2025

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