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A new Late Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod Fauna from NW Turkey, its biostratigraphical relationships and palaeogeographical setting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2012

CAZIBE SAYAR  and
L. ROBIN M. COCKS
CAZIBE SAYAR
Affiliation:
General Geology Department, Mining Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Kampusu, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
L. ROBIN M. COCKS*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
*
†Author for correspondence: r.cocks@nhm.ac.uk
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Abstract

Late Ordovician fossils, including the distinctive Hirnantia brachiopod Fauna, have been found in Lower Palaeozoic successions in Istanbul and Bolu (Yığılca), western Pontides, NW Turkey. The Middle Ordovician (Sandbian) faunas belong to the cooler-water Mediterranean Province, and they are followed by Katian brachiopods including Sulevorthis, Nicolella, Hesperorthis, Glyptorthis, Saukrodictya and Kullervo and ostracods such as Piretella, Eochilina and Klimphores, which represent deposition in warmer waters; however, the Mediterranean Province usually cooler-water brachiopods Drabovia and Leptestiina also occur. The Pendik Formation includes thin bryozoan-rich limestones which probably represent the Boda Global Warming Event. The overlying turbidites contain a Hirnantia Fauna, developed within a brachiopod–diplograptid association. Above them there are characteristic Llandovery (Rhuddanian–Aeronian) brachiopods, such as Leangella, Eoplectodonta, Stricklandia and Hindella with the corals Halysites, Paleofavosites and Streptelasma. In the Bolu area, Katian brachiopods such as Mcewanella, Dalmanella, Glyptorthis, Christiania, Oligorhynchia, Nicolella, Howellites and Drabovinella also occur, but there the overlying Hirnantia Fauna is developed within a Hirnantia–Mucronaspis association. The fauna and sediments indicate that the western Pontides were not very cold during the latest Ordovician. Despite Turkey being placed in higher latitudes by previous authors, it seems more probable that the Pontides were at somewhat lower palaeolatitudes, perhaps at about 40°S in those times; however, the precise palaeogeographical position of the terrane remains uncertain: there are no Hirnantian glaciogenic rocks there, such as are found in the Taurides of southern Turkey.

Keywords

OrdovicianHirnantia FaunaTurkeybrachiopods

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Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 150 , Issue 3 , May 2013 , pp. 479 - 496
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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