The Cynodont reptilia from the Lower Karroo rocks of South Africa, characterized by relatively large incisors and relatively small, sharp-pointed, molar teeth, were grouped under the type genus Lycosaurus as Lycosauria. The removal of matrix from the palate of Ælurosaurus showed that in one member of the group at least the palate carries patches of teeth, each of which has the form of a small blunt flattened cone. From the fact that no Cynodont skull is available in which the mandible is free from the head, the nature of the palatal dentition is imperfectly known.