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Sex differences and age of onset in well-being and recovery in people with psychotic disorders. A PHAMOUS study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2025

L. Hoeksema ,
J. Bruins ,
S. Gangadin ,
L. van der Meer ,
M. Pijnenborg ,
E. Visser ,
M. Timmerman  and
S. Castelein
L. Hoeksema*
Affiliation:
Lentis Research, Lentis Psychiatric Institute Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen
J. Bruins
Affiliation:
Lentis Research, Lentis Psychiatric Institute University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center
S. Gangadin
Affiliation:
University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen
L. van der Meer
Affiliation:
Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Psychopathology, University of Groningen Department of Psychiatric Rehabiliatation, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen
M. Pijnenborg
Affiliation:
University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology Psychopathology, University of Groningen Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institution, Assen
E. Visser
Affiliation:
University Medical Center Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center
M. Timmerman
Affiliation:
Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Psychometrics & Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
S. Castelein
Affiliation:
Lentis Research, Lentis Psychiatric Institute Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research center
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Women generally have a later age of onset, and may therefore have a more favourable course of psychotic illness than men regarding psychopathology. Little is known about a broader range of outcomes, including well-being and recovery, and about the influence of age of onset.

Objectives

This study examines longitudinal sex-related and age of onset-related differences in well-being and recovery of people with a psychotic disorder with long illness durations.

Methods

Routine outcome monitoring data (2012-2021) of n=3843 patients were used. Well-being (quality of life and personal recovery) and recovery (clinical and societal recovery and psychosocial functioning) were assessed. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was performed to assess whether classes with different trajectories of well-being and recovery could be identified. Classes were related to sex and (early/late) age of onset of psychosis (EOP/LOP).

Results

LCGA identified five classes with varying combinations in levels of well-being and recovery, which were stable over time. Sex, age of onset and the combination of these two were significantly related to class membership. Women and individuals with LOP were more prevalent in better functioning classes than men and individuals with EOP.

Conclusions

This study showed sex differences in long-term recovery patterns of psychosis. Not only women but also individuals with LOP had a higher chance of better well-being and recovery, while men with EOP were at risk for worse outcomes. Taking these sex differences into account when deciding on policy and treatment protocols for individual patients might provide better mental health care to people with psychosis.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Information

Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 68 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 33rd European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2025 , pp. S258
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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