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How elevated testosterone levels are responsible for frequent hospitalizations in female patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2025

S. Vuk Pisk*
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb Faculty of Dental Medicine and health Osijek, Osijek
K. Laskarin
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb
E. Ivezic
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb Faculty of Dental Medicine and health Osijek, Osijek
E. Gudelj
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb
S. Belcic
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb
N. Ruljancic
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb
K. Matic
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb
V. Grosic
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb Faculty of Dental Medicine and health Osijek, Osijek
I. Filipcic
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb Faculty of Dental Medicine and health Osijek, Osijek School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Studies that have investigated the relationship between testosterone and psychiatric disorders in women report inconsistent results. Some studies suggesting that female depression patients have lower serum testosterone levels than healthy controls while others report higher serum testosterone levels in female depression patients. Testosterone has also been found to modulate depression and anxiety symptoms. Social research suggests high androgen levels cause aggressive behavior in men and women and as a consequence may cause depression and possible results with more often hospitalization.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a link between the intensity of psychological symptoms that required hospital psychiatric treatment and the level of testosterone in the blood.

Methods

The research is prospective and includes female patients with established diagnoses of depressive disorder, anxiety-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (depressive episode) aged 18-65. The patients had their laboratory parameters determined, including sex hormones (testosteron, estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH and prolactin), filled out a demographic questionnaire and questionnaires: The Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Matthey Generic Mood Question, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) i Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).

Results

The preliminary data of the prospective study showed that there was a statistically significant proportion of patients in whom higher testosterone levels are linked with higher number of hospitalizations (rho=0.511, p=0.036).

Conclusions

Preliminary results show an association between testosterone levels and frequent psychiatric hospitalizations.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

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Type
Abstract
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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