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The association of antipsychotic treatment and side effects with societal recovery and happiness: A naturalistic cohort study of people in long term care for a psychotic disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2025

S. Crutzen*
Affiliation:
Lentis Research, Lentis
S. Gangadin
Affiliation:
Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen
K. H. Hua
Affiliation:
Apotheek Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem
W. Veling
Affiliation:
Psychosis Department, University Medical Center Groningen
S. Castelein
Affiliation:
Lentis Research, Lentis Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Antipsychotics are used to manage psychotic symptoms and reduce the risk of relapse. However, the side effects associated with antipsychotic treatment are seen to hinder societal recovery and happiness by antipsychotic users.

Objectives

In this study, we investigate the association of side effects, antipsychotic dose and antipsychotic polypharmacy with societal recovery and happiness.

Methods

Data from a naturalistic longitudinal cohort was used (PHAMOUS, 2013-2021; n> 3000). Mixed effect linear regression models were used to investigate the association between subjective side effect burden, antipsychotic dose and antipsychotic polypharmacy with societal functioning and happiness. Moreover, the association of single antipsychotic side effects with societal recovery and happiness were investigated with mixed effect linear regression models.

Results

The subjective antipsychotic side effect burden and total antipsychotic dose were both negatively associated with societal recovery and happiness. Polypharmacy was additionally negatively related to societal recovery. Cognition, mood and anticholinergic side effects were most strongly associated with societal functioning. Mood, sedation, cognitive, and sexual related side effect were most strongly associated with happiness.

Conclusions

The association between side effects and the antipsychotic dose and societal functioning and happiness in this population in long term care shows the importance of addressing overtreatment at an early stage. Future research should focus on whether addressing side effects, especially mood and cognition related side effects, is beneficial for societal recovery and happiness in the long-term.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Information

Type
Abstract
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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