Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-p5m67 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-09-02T01:42:06.124Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cannabis, mind, and mirth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

FR Ames  and
DJ Castle
FR Ames
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
DJ Castle*
Affiliation:
Mills Street Clinical Research Unit, University of Western Australia, 35 Mills Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia6102, Australia
*
*Correspondence and reprints.
Get access

Summary

In the context of the discovery of the cerebral ligand for the cannabis receptor, and the elucidation of its genetic sequence, we discuss the psychomimetic properties of Cannabis sativa, and explore the relationship between cannabis intoxication and mood. We suggest that renewed study of acute cannabis encephalopathy would be rewarding not only in deepening our understanding of consciousness in healthy adults, but also in helping us to understand the perceptual world of the child, the elderly, and some of our patients.

Keywords

Cannabis sativapsychosismood disordermemory

Information

Type
Review
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 11 , Issue 7 , 1996 , pp. 329 - 334
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier, Paris 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

American Psychiatric Association 3rd edition, revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Washington, DC: APA, 1987Google Scholar
Abel, ELThe relationship between cannabis and violence. Psychol Bull 1977; 84: 193–211CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abood, MEMartin, BRNeurobiology of marihuana abuse. TiPS 1992; 131: 201–205Google Scholar
Agurell, SHalldin, MLindgren, JE, et al.Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids with emphasis on man. Pharm Rev 1986; 38: 29Google ScholarPubMed
Ames, FA clinical and metabolic study of acute intoxication with Cannabis sativa and its role in the model psychoses. J Ment Sci 1958; 104: 972–999CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arroya, SLesser, RPGordon, B, et al.Mirth, laughter and gelastic seizures. Brain 1993; 116: 757–780CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castle, DJAmes, FRCannabis and the brain. ANZJ Psychiatr 1996; 30: 179–183Google ScholarPubMed
Cirignotte, FTodesco, CVLugavesi, ETemporal lobe epilepsy with ecstatic seizures. Epilepsia 1980; 21: 705–710CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunha, JMCarlini, EAPereira, AZ, et al.Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients. Pharmacology 1980; 21: 175–185CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devane, WAHanus, LBreuer, A, et al.Isolation and culture of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 1992; 285: 1946–1949CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, LWCannabinoid pharmacology. Pharm Rev 1986; 38: 155–171Google ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, LPsychiatric intervention. Sci Am 1972; 229: 116–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliot, FAViolence. The neurological contribution: an overview. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 595–603CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galanter, MWeingartner, HVaughan, TBWalton, TRWyatt, RJDelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and natural marihuana. Arch Gen Psychiatr 1973; 28: 278–281CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaoni, YMechoulam, RIsolation, structure, and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish. J Am Chem Soc 1964; 86: 1646–1648CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerard, CMollereau, CVassart, GParmentier, MNucleotide sequence of a human cannabinoid cDNA Nucleic Acids Res 18 1990 7142CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghodse, HDrugs and Addictive Behaviour Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1989Google Scholar
Glass, MFaull, RLMDragunow, MLoss of cannabinoid receptors in the substantia nigra in Huntington's disease Neuroscience 56 1993 523–527CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grinspoon, LBakalar, JBMarihuana, the Forbidden Medicine New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993Google Scholar
Hoehe, MRCaenazzo, LMartinez, MM, et al.Genetic and physical mapping of the human cannabinoid receptor gene to chromosome 6q14–q15. New Biologist 1991; 9: 880–885Google Scholar
Hollister, LEHealth aspects of cannabis. Pharm Rev 1968; 38: 1–20Google Scholar
Imade, AGTEbie, JCA retrospective study of cannabisinduced psychosis. Acta Psych Scand 1991; 83: 134–136CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isbell, HGorodetzsky, CWJasinski, DClaussen, USpulak, FVKorte, FEffects of delta-9-transetrahydrocannabinol in man. Psychopharmacologia 1967; 11: 184–188CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, RTBenowitz, NThe 30-day trip: clinical studies of cannabis tolerance and dependence In: Broude, MCSzara, S eds. Pharmacology of Marihuana New York: Raven Press, 1976; 627–642Google Scholar
Kaymakcalan, STolerance to and dependence on cannabis. Bull Narcotics 1973; 4: 39–47Google Scholar
King, DLMartel, PAO'Donnell, CMLaboratory detection of cannabinoids. Clin Lab Med 1987; 7: 641–653CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knudsen, PVilmar, TCannabis and neuroleptic agents in schizophrenia. Acta Psych Scand 1984; 69: 162–174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, AMHaney, MBecker, TThompson, MCKream, RMMiczek, KEffect of early exposure of delta-9-cannabidiol on the levels of opioid peptides, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, and substance P in the adult male rat brain. Brain Res 1990; 525: 78–83CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magliozzi, JRKanter, SLCsernensky, JGHollister, LEDetection of marijuana use in psychiatric patients by determination of urinary delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid. JNMD 1983; 171: 246–249Google ScholarPubMed
Martin, BRCellular effects of cannabinoids. Pharm Rev 1986; 38: 68Google ScholarPubMed
Matsuda, LALolait, SJBrownstein, MJYoung, ACBonner, TIStructure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature 1990; 346: 561–564CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGuire, PKJones, PHarvey, IWilliams, MMcGuffin, PMurray, RMMorbid risk of schizophrenia for relatives of patients with cannabis-associated psychosis. Schizophr Res 1995; 15: 277–281CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mechoulam, RInterview. J Int Hemp Assoc 1994; 1: 21–23Google Scholar
Mechoulam, RShani, AEdery, HGrunfeld, YChemical basis of hashish activity. Science 1970; 169: 611–612CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mestel, RCannabis: the brain's other supplier. New Scientist 1993; 1884: 21–23Google Scholar
Paton, WDMPertwee, RGThe actions of cannabis in man In: Mechoulam, R eds. Marihuana New York: Academic Press, 1973; 287–333Google Scholar
Rottanburg, DRobins, AHBen-Arie, OTeggin, AElk, RCannabis-associated psychosis with hypomanic features Lancet ii 1982 1364–1366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stillman, RCWolkowitz, OWeingartner, HWaldman, IDeRenzo, EWyatt, RJMarihuana: differential effects on right and left hemisphere function in man. Life Sci 1977; 21: 1793–1800CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tart, LTMarihuana intoxication: common experiences. Nature 1970; 226: 701–704CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teale, JDKing, LJForman, EJMarks, VRadioimmunoassay of cannabinoids in blood and urine Lancet ii 1974 553–555CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, HPsychiatric symptoms in cannabis users. Br J Psychiatr 1993; 163: 141–149CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornicroft, GCannabis and psychosis: Is there epidemiological evidence for an association?. Br J Psychiatr 1990; 157: 25–33CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weil, ATZinberg, NENelsen, JMClinical and psychiatric effects of marihuana in man. Science 1968; 162: 1234–1242CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weil, ATZinberg, NEAcute effects of marihuana on speech Nature 222 1969 434–437CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wing, JKCooper, JESartorius, NWing, JKCooper, JESartorius, NMeasurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974Google Scholar
Zwerling, CRyan, JOvav, EJThe efficacy of preemployment drug screening for marihuana and cocaine in predicting employment outcome. JAMA 1990; 264: 2639–2643CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.