The dynamic nature of resilience necessitates that children from high-risk backgrounds whoare functioning adaptively despite experiences of adversity must be examined over time. In thecurrent investigation, the adaptation of school-age maltreated and nonmaltreatedsocioeconomically disadvantaged children was examined over 3 consecutive years. In accordwith predictions, a higher percentage of nonmaltreated children than of maltreated children werefound to be resilient. Moreover, a higher percentage of maltreated than of nonmaltreated childrenwere shown to exhibit functioning consistently in the low adaptive range. Differential predictorsof resilience were found in maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Specifically, for maltreatedchildren, positive self-esteem, ego resilience, and ego overcontrol predicted resilient functioning,whereas relationship features were more influential for nonmaltreated children. These findingsare discussed in relation to the unfolding of resilient self-organizational strivings in maltreatedand nonmaltreated children.