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Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Natural and Fe(III) Oxyhydroxide Clinoptilolite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Sonja Milićević ,
Vladan Milošević ,
Dragan Povrenović ,
Jovica Stojanović ,
Sanja Martinović  and
Blljana Babić
Sonja Milićević*
Affiliation:
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d’Esperey 86, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
Vladan Milošević
Affiliation:
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d’Esperey 86, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
Dragan Povrenović
Affiliation:
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
Jovica Stojanović
Affiliation:
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d’Esperey 86, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
Sanja Martinović
Affiliation:
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franchet d’Esperey 86, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia
Blljana Babić
Affiliation:
Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”, Materials Science Laboratory, Belgrade, Serbia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: s.milicevic@itnms.ac.rs
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Abstract

The increasing levels of industrial wastewater released to the environment present a serious threat to human health, living resources, and ecological systems. Fe-modified zeolites were developed and tested for removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from contaminated water. The surfaces of the naturally occurring zeolite, clinoptilolite, were modified with Fe(III) oxyhydroxides using three different methods, denoted I, II, and III (FeCli1, FeCli2, and FeNaCli1, respectively). The oxyhydroxides were prepared in Method I using 0.1 M FeCl3·6H2O in an acetate buffer (pH = 3.6); in Method II, using 10ai] FeCl3·6H2O solution in 0.1 M KOH (pH = 10); and Method III was the same as Method I except the clinoptilolite was pretreated with NaCl. Newly synthesized materials from these three methods were then tested for their ability to enhance the sorption capacity for Cu and Zn compared to the natural sample (Cli). Powder X-ray diffraction measurements and the chemical composition of these modified samples confirmed that clinoptilolite maintained its structure while amorphous Fe3+ species were synthesized. The specific surface area (BET method) of both the natural and modified clinoptilolite increased by 2 and 7.5 times for Methods I and II, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that CaO was formed during Method I (FeClii). Throughout the adsorption process, the hydrolysis of CaO and the release of OH− caused the precipitation of Cu and Zn hydroxide, which made the determination of the sorption capacity of FeClii impossible. This phenomenon was avoided in Method III (FeNaClii) because of the absence of exchangeable Ca2+. The adsorption experiments with Method II resulted in double-enchanced adsoprtion capacity. Laboratory batch experiments revealed that the sorption capacities increased in the following order: Cli < FeCli2 < FeNaCli1, for Cu: 0.121 mmol/g < 0.251 mmol/g < 0.403 mmol/g and for Zn: 0.128 mmol/g < 0.234 mmol/g < 0.381 mmol/g.

Keywords

CopperFe-modificationSorption CapacityZeoliteZinc

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 61 , Issue 6 , December 2013 , pp. 508 - 516
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2013

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