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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 July 2025
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by acute attacks. High-dose steroids (HDS) are the primary treatment, with no significant differences between oral and intravenous (IV) routes. However, factors influencing route selection and attack characteristics leading to treatment remain unclear. This study assesses trends in oral vs. IV HDS use, factors affecting decisions, and clinical impact. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the Multiple Sclerosis database (MuSicaL) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) from 2010–2022. We examined annual trends in HDS route, its relationship with attack type, and prescribing specialties. Statistical analyses were conducted using R-4.2.2. Results: Of 2,413 individuals meeting inclusion criteria, 1,086 had an attack, and 543 (50%) used HDS. Among 265 with a known route, oral HDS was most common, and HDS use declined after 2018. Attack type significantly influenced HDS route (p = 0.045), with IV use highest in multifocal subtype (50.9%) and lowest in myelitis (32.7%). Neurologists were the primary prescribers of IV HDS. Conclusions: Our results indicate a trend towards increased oral HDS use, with IV reserved for severe attacks like multifocal ones. Attack type influences treatment choices, and neurologists remain key prescribers of IV HDS, guiding future treatment strategies.