Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-h4f6x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-19T02:13:42.857Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A METHOD OF SAMPLING THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID ON FRASER FIR INNORTH CAROLINA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Gene D. Amman
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Populations of the balsam woolly aphid on Fraser fir trees were sampledwithout replacement. Sampling frequency was based on the embryologicalperiod of the aphid at mean monthly temperatures in the field. The samplefor each date consisted of 16 pieces of bark, 1/2 in. diameter, from each of10 trees. Precision of the method was usually within ±10% of the mean. Thelargest proportion of variance was within trees. Stratification of samplesby levels within trees decreased variance estimates.Frequency distributionsof counts of most stages of the aphid approximated the negative binomialdistribution. Therefore, data were transformed to logarithms in order toapproximate the normal distribution.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 101 , Issue 8 , August 1969 , pp. 883 - 889
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1969

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

2

Present address: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S.D.A., Ogden, Utah.

References

Amman, G. D. 1962. Seasonal biology of the balsam woolly aphid on Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina. J. econ. Ent. 55: 96–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amman, G. D. 1968. Effects of temperature and humidity on development and hatching of eggs of Adelges piceae . Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 1606–1611.10.1093/aesa/61.6.1606CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balch, R. E. 1952. Studies of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) and its effects on balsam fir, Abies balsmea (L.) Mill. Can. Dep. Agric. Publ. 867.Google Scholar
Kloft, W. 1957. Further investigations concerning the interrelationship between bark condition of Abies alba and infestation by Adelges piceae typica and A. nusslini schneideri . Z. angew. Ent. 41: 438–442.10.1111/j.1439-0418.1957.tb01307.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotinsky, J. 1916. The European fir trunk louse, Chermes (Dreyfusia) piceae Ratz. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 18: 14–16.Google Scholar
Nagel, W. P. 1959. Forest insect conditions in the Southeast during 1958. U.S. Forest Serv., Southeast. Forest Exp. Stn Paper 100.Google Scholar
Pschorn-Walcher, H., and Zwölfer, H.. 1958. Preliminary investigations on the Dreyfusia (Adelges) populations, living on the trunk of the silver fir. Z. angew. Ent. 42: 241–277.10.1111/j.1439-0418.1958.tb00896.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speers, C. F. 1958. The balsam woolly aphid in the Southeast. J. For. 56: 515–516.Google Scholar