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Diversity and phenology of the generalist predator community inapple orchards of Central Washington State (Insecta,Araneae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2012

David R. Horton ,
Eugene R. Miliczky ,
Vincent P. Jones ,
Callie C. Baker  and
Thomas R. Unruh
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Abstract

Predatory insects and spiders were collected from apple orchards in twogeographic regions of Central Washington State, United States of America toassess seasonal phenology and diversity of the generalist predatorcommunity. Arthropods were collected from orchard canopy every 3–7 days overtwo growing seasons (March–October) at seven organically managed and twoinsecticide-free orchards. Over 35 000 specimens and 80 species of spiders(Araneae), ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), lacewings (Neuroptera),and predatory true bugs (Hemiptera) were collected. Composition of insectand spider communities differed between the two geographic regions.Indicator species analysis identified several species that had a significantassociation with one of the two regions. Counts of the most common taxa wereexamined in detail on a calendar date basis to determine seasonal phenologyof adult and immature stages. We observed substantial differences among taxain number of generations, seasonal timing of first appearance in orchards,overwintering stages, and seasonal occurrence of the adult and immature lifestages in orchards. Understanding seasonal phenology of natural enemies inorchards is a core requirement in integrated pest management programs forapple pests, and results of this study provide this information for thegeneralist predator community of orchards in the Pacific Northwest.

Résumé

Nous avons récolté des insectes prédateurs et des araignées dans despommeraies dans deux régions géographiques du centre de l’état deWashington, États-Unis d'Amérique, afin d’évaluer la phénologie et ladiversité saisonnières de la communauté de prédateurs généralistes. Lesarthropodes ont été prélevés dans la canopée du verger à tous les 3–7 joursdurant deux saisons de croissance (mars–octobre) dans sept pommeraiessoumises à la gestion organique et deux sans insecticides. Les récoltescomprennent plus de 35 000 spécimens et 80 espèces d'araignées (Araneae), decoccinelles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), de neuroptères (Neuroptera) et depunaises vraies prédatrices (Hemiptera). Les compositions des communautésd'insectes et d'araignées diffèrent entre les deux régions géographiques.Une analyse des espèces indicatrices identifie plusieurs espèces qui ont uneassociation significative avec l'une des deux régions. Un examen détaillédes dénombrements des taxons les plus communs en fonction des dates ducalendrier permet de déterminer la phénologie saisonnière des stades adulteset immatures. Il existe des différences importantes entre les taxons en cequi a trait au nombre de générations, au calendrier saisonnier de lapremière apparition dans les pommeraies, aux stades d'hivernage et à laprésence saisonnière des stades de vie adultes et immatures dans lespommeraies. La compréhension de la phénologie saisonnière des ennemisnaturels dans les pommeraies est une information de base essentielle dansles programmes de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs des pommes et lesrésultats de notre étude fournissent ces renseignements pour la communautéde prédateurs généralistes des pommeraies du Nord-Ouest Pacifique.

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Type
Original Article
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 144 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 691 - 710
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2012

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