Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-h4f6x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-09-06T11:03:43.467Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Business ETHICS/BUSINESS ethics: One Field or Two?*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Linda Klebe Trevino  and
Gary R. Weaver
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

This paper delineates the normative and empirical approaches to business ethics based upon five categories: 1) academic home; 2) language; 3) underlying assumptions; 4) theory purpose and scope; 5) theory grounds and evaluation criteria. The goal of the discussion is to increase understanding of the distinctive contributions of each approach and to encourage further dialogue about the potential for integration of the field.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Business Ethics Quarterly , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , April 1994 , pp. 113 - 128
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Astley, G. 1985. Administrative Science as Socially Constructed Truth. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30: 497–513.Google Scholar
Ayer, A. J. 1982. Freedom and Necessity. In Watson, G. (Ed.) Free Will. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bacharach, S. B. 1989. Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation. The Academy of Management Review, 14: 496–515.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. 1986. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Beauchamp, T. L., & Bowie, N. E. 1988. Ethical Theory in Business. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Behling, O. 1980. The Case for the Natural Science Model for Research in Organizational Behavior and Organization Theory. Academy of Management Review, 5(4): 483–490.Google Scholar
Brady, F. N., & Hatch, M. J. 1990. The Poverty of Causal Models in Business Ethics. Paper presented at the Academy of Management meeting, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Burrell, G. & Morgan, G.Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis. London: Heinemann Educational Books.Google Scholar
Chisholm, R. 1976. Person and Object. Lasalle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing.Google Scholar
Cochran, P. L. & Nigh, D. 1987. Illegal Corporate Behavior and the Question of Moral Agency. In Frederick, W. (Ed.) Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, 9: 73–81. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
DeGeorge, R. T. 1987a. The Status of Business Ethics: Past and Future. Journal of Business Ethics, 6: 201–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGeorge, R. T. 1987b. Ethical Theory for Business Professors. Journal of Business Ethics, 6: 507–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derry, R. & Green, R. M. 1989. Ethical Theory in Business Ethics: A Critical Assessment. Journal of Business Ethics, 8: 521–533.Google Scholar
Donagan, A. 1977. The Theory of Morality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dray, W. 1957. Law and Explanation in History. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dubin, R. 1976. Theory Building in Applied Areas. In Dunnette, M. D. (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 17–39. Chicago: Rand-McNally.Google Scholar
Dubin, R. 1978. Theory Building. Revised edition. NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Fales, E. 1977. The Ontology of Social Roles. Philosophy of Social Science. 7: 139–161.Google Scholar
Ferrell, O. C. & Gresham, . 1985. A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision Making in Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49: 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleming, J. 1987. A Survey and Critique of Business Ethics Research, 1986. In Frederick, W. (Ed.) Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, 9: 1–24. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Frederick, W. 1986. Toward CSR3: Why Ethical Analysis is Indispensable and Unavoidable in Corporate Affairs. California Management Review, 28 (2): 126–155.Google Scholar
Freeman, E. & Gilbert, D. R. Jr. 1988. Corporate Strategy and the Search for Ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Gewirth, A. 1978. Reason and Morality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gioia, D. A. & Pitre, E. 1990. Multi-paradigm Perspectives on Theory Building. Academy of Management Review, 15.Google Scholar
Goodpaster, T. 1984. The Concept of Corporate Responsibility. In Regan, T. (Ed.) Just Business (pp. 292–323). NY: Random House.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J. 1990. Employee Theft as a Reaction to Underpayment Inequity; The Hidden Cost of Pay Cuts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75 (5): 561–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollis, M. 1977. Models of Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hume, D. 1748. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.Google Scholar
Hume, D. 1939. A Treatise of Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Iannone, A. P. 1989. Contemporary Moral Controversies in Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kahn, W. A. 1990. Toward an Agenda for Business Ethics Research. Academy of Management Review, 15: 311–328.Google Scholar
Kekes, J. 1980. The Nature of Philosophy. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kerlinger, F. 1986. Foundations of Behavioral Research. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Klein, S. 1985. Two Views of Business Ethics: A Popular Philosophical Approach and a Value Based Interdisciplinary One. Journal of Business Ethics, 4:71–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohlberg, L. 1969. Stage and Sequence: The Cognitive-developmental Approach to Socialization. In Goslin, D. A. (Ed.) Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research (pp. 347–480). Chicago: Rand-McNally.Google Scholar
Kram, K. E., Yeager, P. C. & Reed, G. E. 1989. Decisions and Dilemmas: The Ethical Dimension in the Corporate Context. In Post, J. E. (Ed.) Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy. (Vol. 11: 21–54). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kurtines, Azmitia, & Alvarez, . 1990. Science and Morality: The Role of Values in Science and the Scientific Study of Moral Phenomena. Psychological Bulletin, 107 (3): 283–295.Google Scholar
Maclntyre, A. 1984. Does Applied Ethics Rest on a Mistake? The Monist, 67: 498–513.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, K. D. & House, R. 1978. Paradigm Development in the Social Sciences: A Proposed Research Strategy. Academy of Management Review, 3 (1): 7–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, M. C. 1987. Codes of Ethics: Organizational Behavior and Misbehavior. In Frederick, W. C. & Preston, L. (Eds.) Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy (Vol. 9: 107–130).Google Scholar
McGuire, J. B.Sundgren, A. & Schneeweis, T. 1988. Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 31: 854–872.Google Scholar
Miner, J. B. 1990. The Role of Values in Defining the “Goodness” of Theories in Organization Science. Organization Studies, 11 (2): 161–178.Google Scholar
Mitroff, I. 1972. The Myth of Objectivity or Why Science Needs a New Psychology of Science. Management Science, 18: 613–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, G. E. 1912. Ethics. NY: H. Holt & Co.Google Scholar
Moore, G. E. 1903. Principle Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, G. & Smircich, L. 1980. The Case for Qualitative Research. Academy of Management Review, 5: 491–500.Google Scholar
Nagel, E. 1961. The Structure of Science. NY: Harcourt, Brace.Google Scholar
Near, J. P. & Miceli, M. P. 1987. Whistle-blowers in Organizations. In Research in Organizational Behavior, 9: 321–368.Google Scholar
Pastin, M. 1986. The Hard Problems of Management: Gaining the Ethics Edge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Piatt, J. R. 1964. Strong Inference. Science, 146: 347–353.Google Scholar
Randall, D. M. 1989. Taking stock: Can the Theory of Reasoned Action Explain Unethical Conduct? Journal of Business Ethics, 8: 873–882.Google Scholar
Randall, D. M., & Gibson, A. M. 1990. Methodology in Business Ethics Research: A Review and Critical Assessment. Journal of Business Ethics, 9: 457–471.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Regan, T. 1984. Just Business: New Introductory Essays in Business Ethics. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Reid, T. 1788. Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Rogers, C. R. 1959. A Theory of Therapy, Personality, and Interpersonal Relationships, as Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In Koch, S. (Ed.) Psychology, the Study of a Science (Vol. 3). NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, A. 1981. Sociobiology and the Preemption of Social Science. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sappington, A. A. 1990. Recent Psychological Approaches to the Free Will versus Determinism Issue. Psychological Bulletin, 108 (1): 19–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellars, W. 1963. Science, Perception and Reality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. 1953. Science and Human Behavior. NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Staw, B. M. & Szwajkowski, E. 1975. The Scarcity-munificence Component of Organizational Environments and the Commission of Illegal Acts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20: 345–354.Google Scholar
Stevenson, J. T. 1989. Reasonableness in Morals. Journal of Business Ethics, 8:95–107.Google Scholar
Sutherland, E. H. & Cressey, D. R. 1970. Principles of Criminology. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.Google Scholar
Thomas, K. W. & Tymon, W. G. 1982. Necessary Properties of Relevant Research: Lessons from Recent Criticisms of the Organizational Sciences. Academy of Management Review, 7: 345–352.Google Scholar
Thorp, J. 1980. Free Will. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Toulmin, S. 1981. The Tyranny of Principles. The Hastings Center Report, 11 (6): 31–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trevino, L. K. 1992. Moral Reasoning and Business Ethics; Implications for Research, Education, and Management. Journal of Business Ethics, 11: 445–459.Google Scholar
Trevino, L. K. & Youngblood, S. A. 1990. Bad Apples in Bad Barrels: A Causal Analysis of Ethical Decision-making Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75 (4): 378–385.Google Scholar
Tsalikis, J. & Fritzsche, D. J. 1989. Business Ethics: A Literature Review with a Focus on Marketing Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 8: 695–743.Google Scholar
Victor, B. & Cullen, J. 1988. The Organizational Bases of Ethical Work Climates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33: 101–125.Google Scholar
Weaver, G. R. 1989. Agent Causation and Reasons for Acting. Paper presented at the American Philosophical Association meeting, Chicago.Google Scholar
Weber, J. 1990. Managers’ Moral Reasoning: Assessing Their Responses to Three Moral Dilemmas. Human Relations, 43 (7): 687–702.Google Scholar
Whetten, D. A. 1989. What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution? Academy of Management Review, 14: 490–495.Google Scholar
Zey-Ferrell, M. & Ferrell, O. C. 1982. Role Set Configuration and Opportunity as Predictors of Unethical Behavior in Organizations. Human Relations, 35: 587–604.Google Scholar