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Mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of American silk moth Antheraea polyphemus and its Asian relatives (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2025

Long Chen ,
Xu Han ,
Yu-Hang He ,
Zhi-Bing Zhu ,
Xin Fu ,
Su-Yang Bai ,
Yu-Ping Li  and
Yan-Qun Liu Open the ORCID record for Yan-Qun Liu [Opens in a new window]
Long Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Xu Han
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Yu-Hang He
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Zhi-Bing Zhu
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Xin Fu
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Su-Yang Bai
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Yu-Ping Li
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Yan-Qun Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
*
Corresponding author: Yan-Qun Liu; Email: liuyanqun@syau.edu.cn
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Abstract

American silk moth, Antheraea polyphemus Cramer 1775 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), native to North America, has potential significance in sericulture for food consumption and silk production. To date, the phylogenetic relationship and divergence time of A. polyphemus with its Asian relatives remain unknown. To end these issues, two mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of A. polyphemus from the USA and Canada respectively were determined. The mitogenomes of A. polyphemus from the USA and Canada were 15,346 and 15,345 bp in size, respectively, with only two transitions and five indels. The two mitogenomes both encoded typical mitochondrial 37 genes. No tandem repeat elements were identified in the A+T-rich region of A. polyphemus. The mitogenome-based phylogenetic analyses supported the placement of A. polyphemus within the genus Antheraea, and revealed the presence of two clades for eight Antheraea species used: one included A. polyphemus, A. assamensis Helfer, A. formosana Sonan and the other contained A. mylitta Drury, A. frithi Bouvier, A. yamamai Guérin-Méneville, A. proylei Jolly, and A. pernyi Guérin-Méneville. Mitogenome-based divergence time estimation further suggested that the dispersal of A. polyphemus from Asia into North America might have occurred during the Miocene Epoch (18.18 million years ago) across the Berling land bridge. This study reports the mitogenome of A. polyphemus that provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationship among Antheraea species and the origin of A. polyphemus.

Keywords

Antheraeadivergence datingmitochondrial genome structurephylogenetic inference

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Research Paper
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Bulletin of Entomological Research , First View , pp. 1 - 12
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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